A new species of Oncopodura (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Oncopoduridae) from a cave in Majorca is described. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: four distal leaf-shaped sensilla on antennal segment IV and another one on the basal part; PAO small, as a single vesicle; dens with distal outer hook-like spine; mucr with four teeth, with the basal one very sharp; basal part of dens with a large spine on the inner side; claw with a long lateral tooth. The discovery of this new species resulted from the speleological work that was carried out in the cave

Baquero-Martin, E. (Enrique)

Jordana, R. (Rafael)

Vadell, M. (Mateo)

Universidad de Navarra

Sa Gleda cave (Majorca, Balearic Islands) and its fauna, with description of a new species of Oncopoduridae (Collembola)

Dadun, University of Navarra

Subterranean Biology 5: 29-34, 2007Sa Gleda cave (Majorca, Balearic Islands) and its fauna, with description of a new species of Oncopoduridae (Collembola)Enrique BAQUERO (1,*), Mateo VADELL(2) and Rafael JORDANA(1)(1) Department of Zoology and Ecology, University of Navarra, PO Box 177, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; e-mail: ebaquero@unav.es; rjordana@unav.es.(2) Grupo Espeleológico EST. Palma, Museu Balear de Ciències Naturals (MBCN). Ctra. Palma-Port de Sóller, Km 30,5; 07100, Sóller, Spain; e-mail: capreolus@telefonica.net.* Corresponding authorABSTRACTA new species of Oncopodura (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Oncopoduridae) from a cave in Majorca is described. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: four distal leaf-shaped sensilla on antennal segment IV and another one on the basal part; PAO small, as a single vesicle; dens with distal outer hook-like spine; mucro with four teeth, with the basal one very sharp; basal part of dens with a large spine on the inner side; claw with a long lateral tooth. The discovery of this new species resulted from the speleological work that was carried out in the cave.RESUMENSe describe una nueva especie de Oncopodura (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha: Oncopoduridae), encontrado en una cueva de Mallorca. La nueva especie se distingue de otras especies del género por los siguientes caracteres: cuatro sensillas distales en forma de hoja en el segmento antennal IV, y otra más en la parte basal del mismo segmento; PAO pequeño, en forma de vesícula simple; dens con espina distal externa en forma de gancho; mucrón con cuatro dientes, con el basal muy afi lado; parte basal del dens con una espina grande sobre el lado interno; uña con un largo diente lateral. El descubrimiento de esta nueva especie es el resultado de los estudios espeleológicos llevados a cabo en la cueva.Key words: Collembola, Oncopodura, new species, cave fauna, Majorca, Spain.Palabras clave: Collembola, Oncopodura, nueva especie, fauna cavernícola, Mallorca, EspañaINTRODUCTIONThe cave (Sa Gleda cave) took its name from whit-ish clay named “Gleda” or “Greda”, formerly used for laundry. This clay can be found in the ‘Dolina de Hun-dimiento’ (entrance hall) (Fornós et al 1989). The fi rst speleological works were carried out in 1974 by the speleologists of the Speleo-Club Mallorca (SCM), and later published by Fornós et al (1989).The Majorcan spelologist Francesc Ripoll (SCM) carried out the fi rst immersion in the entrance lake, discovering the hall now bearing his name, as well as the central aerial hall. In the 90’s (1990-1996) the “Francesc Ripoll Hall” was oc-casionally explored by different groups from Great Brit-ain (Clarke 1991-1992) without any signifi cant fi ndings. The Welsh speleo-diver Martyn Farr drew sketch of the known paths, with over 250 m of sub-aquatic routes (Farr 1997-1998). By the end of 1997, the speleological group ‘Grup Nort de Mallorca’ (GNM), began the topo-graphic work of the underwater portions. Several cam-paigns carried out by the GNM between 1998 and 2007 contributed to increase the overall length of the routes and the general knowledge of the cave. By the end of 2006, a small grant within the projects for Biodiversity Conservation 2007 (Fundació “Sa Nostra”, Caixa Bale-ares) made it possible to begin the systematic study of the terrestrial fauna by the speleologists Mateo Vadell (EST Speleological Group), and the speleo-divers Fran-cesc Gràcia, Bernat Clamor and Mateu Febrer (GNM) (Vadell et al, in press).METHODSSample SiteThe Sa Gleda cave is located in the “Manacor ma-rine”, Majorca (Spain) (Fig. 1), in a private state be-longing to Son Josep Nou, 36 m above sea level, 1.7 km inland. The cave is inside an ARIP (‘Area Rural de Interés Paisajístico’, Rural Area of Landscape Interest), and has been declared LIC (‘Lugar de Importancia Co-munitaria’) with code ES5310054 (Pons et al 2001). The cave developed in very karstifi cable calcarenitic materi-als from upper Miocene, and can be defi ned as a web of 30 E. Baquero, M. Vadell, R. JordanaFig. 1- Location Map of the Study area.Fig. 2- Location of the “Sa Gleda” cave. Topography and location of the different halls within the cave (modifi ed from Gràcia et al 2007). A new Oncopodura from Majorca, Spain 31phreatic galleries and sinking halls. Currently, the topog-raphy includes 10,500 m path length, with a maximum depth below phreatic level of about 25 m. The entrance hall communicates with a group of labyrinthine galler-ies and halls totally underwater, except for the areas described below (Fig. 2). Access to these sampled halls and galleries requires speleo-diving techniques.Sala d’Entrada (‘Entrance Hall’). This hall opens outside through a spectacular sink (30 x 18 m), that com-municates with another big hall (72 x 44). Its location, right in the middle of a small gully, makes it subject to fl ood in case of heavy rainfall. In the lower level there is a semicircular lake. The sinking cone, specially the central area, corresponding to the opening, is covered by a fi g tree group (Ficus carica), bryophytes and pterydophytes such as Adiatum capillus-veneris and Asplenium sagit-tatum. Abundant algae are visible on the fl owstones and blocks in the central area of the doline (Fig. 3). The area around the entrance is a pinewood, which contributes, along with fl ood sediment carried through the gully, or-ganic matter to the outermost area of the hall. The over-hang cliffs have been colonized by Columba sp., whose droppings constitute an important organic source.Sala del Cendrar. It is a 60 x 40 m hall that can be accessed after a 270 m dive from the lake of the entrance hall. A third hall on the E side is aerial, rising above the water level, with its N side covered with fl owstones pro-jecting under water. The remainder of the aerial surface is covered with blocks and stones.Sala dels Dos Llacs. It is the only aerial area of the whole ‘Sector de Ponent’ (West sector), located 150 m from the entrance lake. It is a 54 x 40 m sink hall with-out speleothems, although there are white blocks fallen from the walls and roof. Its surface is unrelated to the ‘Sala d’Entrada’. All fauna captured here required sev-eral sampling attempts.Cambra dels Moros. It was generated by a sinking blocks slope. It is located 250 m from the entrance lake, and it is characterized by its steep inclination and its de-tached blocks and stones. It is connected with a sink vis-ible from outside (Fig. 4).Galeria de les Còniques. Located eastward, at the end of a diving path about 330 m from the entrance lake, 45 x 28 m in size. It has a fl at, slightly sloping, earthy surface, where furrows originated by the water that came from an ancient doline (now uncommunicated) above, are visible. The presence of ceramic bits, vertebrate bones and mouse excrements support this hypothesis. The west side has a large slope, rising 15 m between big fallen blocks. The perimeter of the entire collapse area exceeds 100 m.Until now, data about the fauna of this cave com-Fig. 3- Sampling work in the ‘Sala d’Entrada’ (Photo by M. A. Barceló, EST). 32 E. Baquero, M. Vadell, R. Jordanaplex were related to the aquatic fauna. Ginés and Gi-nés (1977) had recorded Salentinella sp. (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Salentinellidae), Fornós et al (1989) men-tioned Bogidiella balearica (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Bogidiellidae), Salentinella angelieri, Typhlocirolana moraguesi (Isopoda: Flabellifera: Cirolanidae), Jaera italica (Isopoda: Asellota: Janiridae), Monodella argen-tarii (Crustacea: Thermosbaenacea: Monodellidae) and Thermocyclops dybowskii (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cy-clopidae), and Pretus (1989) published a paper citing all the previously mentioned species but T. dybowskii.At present, the systematic sampling work that began in 2006 continues with both direct and indirect sampling (bait traps with beer and cheese). This has resulted in the capture of 26 species belonging to 14 orders (Table 1).Oncopodura gledensis, sp. nov.(Figs 5-10)Type-locality. SPAIN (Majorca), Sa Gleda cave (Cambra dels Moros and Sala del Cendrar). In the fi rst hall, the specimens were captured 15 m inland, over a rotten and soaked wood piece, in total darkness and high humidity. UTM Coordinates: 523805 N, 4372315-36 E.Type-material.- Holotype (male), mounted on slide, code MZ-SAGLEDA01-01, 7th october 2007, F. Grácia leg.; three Paratypes in the same slide, and two in slide MZ-SAGLEDA01-02.Material deposited.- MZNA (Museum of Zoology, University of Navarra).Etymology.- The specifi c name derives from the name of the cave where the specimens were captured.Other material studied (from the same cave): one specimen, 16th to 23rd December 2006, beer baited trap, B. Clamor leg. (MZNA with code MZNAMV03-03); four specimens on slides, 17th to 25th March 2007, cheese baited trap, F. Gràcia leg. (CMV-MBCN).DiagnosisFour distal leaf-shaped setae on antennal segment IV, and one, pointed and smaller, on the basal part. PAO small, as a single vesicle. Dentes with distal hook-like spines. Mucro with four teeth, the basal one very sharp. Basal part of dentes with a large spine on the inner side. Claw with a long lateral tooth.DescriptionBackground colour white, without any pigmentation. Length: 0.58 mm without antennae. Antennae length ratio I:II:III:IV = 1:2:2.5:3.4. Antennae without scales, and similar in length to the cephalic diagonal. Eyes ab-sent and PAO small, as a single vesicle. On the antennal segment IV, in addition to the four leaf-shaped sensilla (Fig. 5, a), there is a broad and pointed sensillum near the base (Fig. 5, b). According to this, the species should be placed into the group O. tricuspidata (Deharveng, 1988). A leaf-shaped sensillum is located under the sen-silla of sensory organ of antennal segment III. Labrum with 5, 5, 4 setae, and 4 prelabral setae. The body chae-totaxy is typical for the genus and the group of species; Fig. 4- Access to the hall ‘Cambra dels Moros’ (Photo by F. Gràcia, GNM).Figs 5-10 - Oncopodura gledensis, sp. nov. 5. Antenna (a, dis-tal leaf-shaped sensilla; b, basal pointed leaf-shaped sensillum; c, PAO). 6. Tibiotarsus, unguis and unguiculus of leg III (a, smooth setae on distal part; b, spine-like setae; c, alveoli of lack setae). 7. Tibiotarsus of leg II (a, spatulated seta). 8. Detail of the unguis and unguiculus. 9. Retinaculum. 10. Distal por-tion of furcula. A new Oncopodura from Majorca, Spain 33for example, 0/1, 2/0, 1, 0, 0, 0 trichobothria. Tibiotarsus (Fig. 6) with fi ve smooth distal setae, ciliated and basal-ly swollen setae on the rest of segment, and a spatulated seta on tibiotarsus II (Fig. 7, a). The unguis is not slender, with a very small internal tooth, and a very long latero-external tooth (Fig. 8). The unguiculus can be serrated externally, and has a basal lobe. Ventral tube with 3+1 distal setae, without latero-basal tubercles. Retinaculum with 4+4 teeth and a single ciliated seta (Fig. 9). Furcula slightly shorter than half body; ratio manubrium/dens 1:1.18. Special manubrial and dental setae as in fi gure 6. Dental distal spines with a fi ne denticulation (Fig. 10, a). Manubrium with four teeth: two apical, one medial, and one basal, very sharp.TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION The main characters of this new species are simi-lar to those of O. cavernarum Stach, 1934 (Yugoslavia) Table 1 - Relation of the terrestrial fauna captured in the ‘Sa Gleda’ cave.MOLLUSCAPulmonataAcanthinula aculeata (O.F. Müller, 1774) (G.X. Pons and D. Vicens det.)CRUSTACEAIsopodaTrichoniscus pusillus provisorius Racovitza, 1908 (Ll. García det.)ARACHNIDAAraneaeLeptoneta infuscata Simon, 1872 (M. Vadell det.)PseudoescorpionesRoncus af. caralitanus Gardini, 1981 (J.A. Zaragoza det.)MYRIAPODA (M. Vadell det.)Chilopoda, LithobiomorphaLithobius piceus tabacarui Negrea and Matic, 1973Lithobius fagei Demange, 1961Chilopoda, GeophilomorphaGeophilus af. insculptus, Attems, 1895Pauropoda, TetramerocerataStylopauropus (S.) pedunculatus (Lubbock, 1867)COLLEMBOLA (R. Jordana and E. Baquero det.)PoduromorphaMesaphorura critica Ellis 1976EntomobryomorphaParisotoma notabilis (Schäffer, 1886)Isotomurus palustris (Müller, 1776)Heteromurus nitidus (Templenton, 1835)Oncopodura gledensis sp. nov.NeelipleonaMegalothorax minimus Willem, 1900SymphypleonaDisparrhopalites patrizii (Cassagnau and Delamare-Deboutteville, 1953)DIPLURATA (A. Sendra det.)DipluraPlusiocampa fagei Condé, 1955Campodea (Dicampa) catalana Denis, 1930INSECTADiptera (M. Vadell det.)Sciara sp.Megaselia sp.ColeopteraOcys (Ocys) harpaloides (Audinet-Serville, 1821) (V. Ortuño det.)Laemostenus (Pristonychus) algerinus algerinus (Gory, 1833) (V. Ortuño det.)Akis acuminata (Fabricius, 1787) (M. Palmer det.)Blaps lusitanica Herbst, 1799 (M. Palmer det.)Cucujidae (genus and species undetermined)34 E. Baquero, M. Vadell, R. Jordanaand O. delhezi Stomp, 1974. Similarly to them, it would belong to the O. tricuspidata group (Deharveng, 1988), while showing nevertheless a combination of characters that suggests it to be considered as a different species: O. delhezi, cited by Gama from Majorca (1984), lacks PAO, the unguis and their lateral teeth are larger, and they are provided with only two distal spines on dentes (Stomp 1974). Gama, in her paper, say that the observed specimens are different from the Stomp original descrip-tion, and from the small description provided seem sim-ilar to the new species described in this paper; O. caver-narum has a very slender unguis, and their dental spines show a very different morphology. O. jugoslavica has two spines on the inner side of distal dentes, and its PAO is four-lobed. Among all the species belonging to the O. tricuspidata group the geographically closer species are O. meridionalis Cassagnau, 1959 (Pyrenees: Couplan Valley), O. occidentalis Bonet, 1931 (Pyrenees: Huesca, Spain and Campan, France), and O. tricuspidata Cassa-gnau, 1964 (Pyrenees). The new species differs from O. meridionalis due to its four roundish olfactory sensilla on antennal segment IV, and to the four-lobed PAO; it differs from O. occidentalis due to a set of characters: the four straight and cylindrical sensilla on antennal seg-ment IV, the two elliptical sensilla and the one looking more like a small spine to be found on antennal segment III, the one leaf-shaped and the two cylindrical sensilla on antennal segment II, the manubrium without basal internal and external teeth, and the unguis without in-ternal tooth; fi nally, it differs from O. tricuspidata due to the slenderness of the row of distal sensilla and to the basal roundish sensillum on antennal segment IV, to the shortness of the spatulated seta on tibiotarsus II, similar in length to the closest spine, and by the three-lobed PAO.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe wish to express our gratitude to Francesc Gràcia (GNM) for the capture of the specimens and his con-tributed materials for the Introduction, and B. Clamor (GNM) for the capture of some specimens. We thanks to Alberto Sendra (Fundación Entomológica Torres Sala, Museu Valencià d’Història Natural), Vicente Ortuño (Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física de la Universidad de Alcalá Henares), Miquel Palmer (Insti-tut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA), Guillem X. Pons and. Damià Vicens (Societat d’Història Natu-ral de les Balears), Lluc Garcia (Museu Balear Ciències Naturals) and Juan Antonio Zaragoza (Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Ali-cante) for the specimen identifi cation. We also appreci-ate the work of the reviewers whose remarks improved this paper.REFERENCESClarke, O. 1991-1992. Report of the Cwmbran Caving Club diving expedition to Son Josep. Mallorca in October 1990. The Red Dragon-Y Ddraig Goch 18: 28-30.Deharveng, L. 1988. Collemboles cavernicoles VIII. Contribution à l’étude des Oncopoduridae. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 92: 133-148.Farr, M. 1991-1998. Dragon cave diving expedition to Mallorca – 1996. Red Dragon-Y Ddraig Goch 24: 89-97.Fornós, J., J. Pretus, M. Trias. 1989. La Cova de sa Gleda (Manacor, Mallorca), aspectes gelògics i biològics. Endins 14-15: 53-59.Gama, M.M. da. 1984. Colemboles cavernicoles de la l’Espagne. I. Miscellània Zoològica 8: 81-87.Ginés, A., J. Ginés. 1977. Datos Bioespeleológicos ob-tenidos en las aguas cársticas de la isla de Mallorca. Comunicacions del 6è Simposium d’Espeleologia. Bioespeleologia. Terrasa pp. 81-95.Gràcia, F., J.J. Fornós, B. Clamor, M. Febrer, P. Gamundí. 2007. La cova de sa Gleda I. Sector Clàssic, sector de Ponent i sector Cinc-Cents (Manacor, Mallorca): geomorfologia, espeleogènesi, sedimentologia i hi-drologia. Endins 31: 43-96.Pons., G.X., D. Jaume, F. Gràcia, D. Vicens. 2001. Cavi-tats càrstiques de les Illes Balears Lloc d’Interès Comunitari (LICs). Pp. 310-312 in G.X. Pons (ed) Ponències i resums III Jornades del Medi Ambient de les Illes Balears. Societat d’Història Naturals de les Balears.Pretus, J. 1989. Noves dades per la distribució de l’Estigofauna balear. Endins 14-15: 61-64.Stomp, N. 1974. Collemboles Cavernicoles D’Afrique du Nord. I. (Insecta). Annales de Spéléologie 29: 109-120.Vadell, M., J. Zaragoza, R. Jordana, F. Gràcia, B. Clam-or, M. Febrer. 2008. La fauna cavernícola terrestre de la Cova de sa Gleda (Manacor, Mallorca, Baleares) Endins, 32 (in press).

Sa Gleda cave (Majorca, Balearic Islands) and its fauna, with description of a new species of Oncopoduridae (Collembola)

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