Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding bone substitute materials (BSM) to particulated autogenous bone (PAB) on the volume fraction (Vf) of newly formed bone after maxillary sinus augmentation. Materials and methods: Thirty healthy patients undergoing maxillary sinus augmentation were included. PAB (N = 10), mixtures of PAB and beta-tricalciumphosphate (PAB/β-TCP) (N = 10), as well as PAB and β-TCP and hydroxyapatite (PAB/HA/β-TCP) (N = 10) were randomly used for sinus augmentation. A sample of the graft material was maintained from each patient at time of maxillary sinus augmentation, and Vfs of the PAB and/or BSM in the samples were determined by means of microcomputerized tomography (μ-CT). Five months later, samples of the grafted areas were harvested during implantation using a trephine bur. μ-CT analysis of these samples was performed, and the Vf of bone and BSM were compared with the data obtained 5months earlier from the original material. Results: The mean Vf of the bone showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in all groups after a healing period of 5months without statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: With regard to the increase of bone volume, it is not relevant if PAB is used alone or combined with β-TCP or HA/β-TCP. Clinical relevance: The amount of PAB and associated donor site morbidity may be reduced by adding BSM for maxillary sinus augmentatio
