Metadata harvesting for content-based distributed information retrieval

Abstract

We propose an approach to content-based Distributed Information Retrieval based on the periodic and incremental centralisation of full content indices of widely dispersed and autonomously managed document sources. Inspired by the success of the Open Archive Initiative’s protocol for metadata harvesting, the approach occupies middle ground between content crawling and distributed retrieval. As in crawling, some data moves towards the retrieval process, but it is statistics about the content rather than content itself; this grants more efficient use of network resources and wider scope of application. As in distributed retrieval, some processing is distributed along with the data, but it is indexing rather than retrieval; this reduces the costs of content provision whilst promoting the simplicity, effectiveness, and responsiveness of retrieval. Overall, we argue that the approach retains the good properties of centralised retrieval without renouncing to cost-effective, large-scale resource pooling. We discuss the requirements associated with the approach and identify two strategies to deploy it on top of the OAI infrastructure. In particular, we define a minimal extension of the OAI protocol which supports the coordinated harvesting of full-content indices and descriptive metadata for content resources. Finally, we report on the implementation of a proof-of-concept prototype service for multi-model content-based retrieval of distributed file collections