Relationship between COVID-19
infection and erectile dysfunction; a literature review examining the link and
proposed mechanisms behind this phenomenon
It is now only in the wake of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) that we are beginning to understand many of the
extra-respiratory manifestations of the condition. There is now growing evidence
that erectile dysfunction (ED) is closely linked with the disease. We carry out
one of the first literature reviews to consolidate the current evidence of the
causal link between COVID-19 and ED and explore the proposed mechanisms that
underpin this phenomenon. We carried out a literature search of the databases;
PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane library. Search time
frame was between December 2019 and March 2022. Only studies deemed of acceptable
quality were included. Five studies were found highlighting the link between
COVID-19 and ED. A further Nineteen studies were utilized to illustrate the
proposed biological mechanisms underpinning COVID-19 related ED. Clear evidence
has been documented through multiple studies internationally recognizing
reduction in erectile scores and reduced sexual activity. It appears there is
likely indirect and direct cytopathic effects on endothelial cells, in addition
to hormonal and psychosocial factors. The associated ED is likely a result of a
multitude of mechanisms including direct and indirect endothelial dysfunction,
vasoactive cytokines, endocrine dysregulation, and psychosocial factors. This is
the first literature review to delve into the likely underpinning mechanisms of
the virus that drive ED
