The objective of this study was to examine the correlates of animal source food consumption and its association with psychosocial functioning of adults living in a rural district in Western Uganda. A cross-sectional sample of 326 rural adults living in 12 villages in Masindi District was surveyed using a questionnaire that included items on various animal source foods (ASF), psychosocial functioning, and social and economic characteristics. We calculated ASF scores using three methods suggested in the literature, including the World Food Programme’s calculation of a food consumption score. We defined psychosocial functioning as ability to complete activities of daily living or to engage in future-oriented behaviors. Multivariable results indicated that being satisfied with current household financial status, living in better dwelling conditions, ownership of livestock, and higher levels of social support were significantly associated with higher ASF scores. Household size and age were negatively associated with ASF scores. ASF consumption was positively and significantly associated with psychosocial functioning, including orientation toward success, expectations for future economic conditions, and self-perceived health. Study findings expand evidence on correlates of ASF consumption and its association with psychosocial functioning. Findings may underscore both opportunities and challenges associated with ASF consumption. Alongside hunger and undernutrition associated with low ASF consumption, the country’s increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity associated with high ASF consumption may require an integrated approach for tackling the double burden of malnutrition
