The close coupling of artificial intelligence (AI) and electroencephalography
(EEG) has substantially advanced human-computer interaction (HCI) technologies
in the AI era. Different from traditional EEG systems, the interpretability and
robustness of AI-based EEG systems are becoming particularly crucial. The
interpretability clarifies the inner working mechanisms of AI models and thus
can gain the trust of users. The robustness reflects the AI's reliability
against attacks and perturbations, which is essential for sensitive and fragile
EEG signals. Thus the interpretability and robustness of AI in EEG systems have
attracted increasing attention, and their research has achieved great progress
recently. However, there is still no survey covering recent advances in this
field. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive survey and summarize
the interpretable and robust AI techniques for EEG systems. Specifically, we
first propose a taxonomy of interpretability by characterizing it into three
types: backpropagation, perturbation, and inherently interpretable methods.
Then we classify the robustness mechanisms into four classes: noise and
artifacts, human variability, data acquisition instability, and adversarial
attacks. Finally, we identify several critical and unresolved challenges for
interpretable and robust AI in EEG systems and further discuss their future
directions