Humans have recently caused significant landscape fragmentation by developing transportation infrastructure. We used Kernel density estimation (KDE) to analyze the road density distribution in Hungary, and then we assessed landscape fragmentation after imposing the road density onto the land-use map of Hungary, using Mean Patch Area, Patch Density, and Number of Patches as three important landscape metrics. Our analysis shows that roads, as expected, are mainly located in artificial lands (58.15%) and farmland (28.16%) landscapes. PD and NP increased by 69.59% and 69.51%, respectively, at the landscape scale, while AREA MN decreased by 41%. It has been proved by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis which showed that the road density showed a positive correlation with PD and NP and a negative correlation with AREA_MN. This means that the higher the road density, the higher the PD and NP values, and the smaller the patch area. Furthermore, landscape fragmentation is positively related to road density, and as the road system became denser, the landscape became more fragmented. Understanding the effects of road networks on various land uses can aid in the development of sustainable road systems in Hungary
