van der Plas, G.

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UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl)UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)Warm gas in protoplanetary disksvan der Plas, G.Publication date2010Link to publicationCitation for published version (APA):van der Plas, G. (2010). Warm gas in protoplanetary disks. [Thesis, fully internal, Universiteitvan Amsterdam].General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s)and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an opencontent license (like Creative Commons).Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, pleaselet the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the materialinaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letterto: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Youwill be contacted as soon as possible.Download date:08 Mar 2023Contents1 Introduction 11.1 Star and planet formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Spectral Energy Distributions and disk geometry . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 Composition and spatial distribution of gas . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3.1 Molecular Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3.2 Carbon Monoxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3.3 [OI] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3.4 PAHs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4 Disk geometry as traced by gas and dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.5 The astronomical toolkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.5.1 Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.5.2 Astrometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.5.3 Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.6 This Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 The Structure of Protoplanetary Disks Surrounding ThreeYoung Intermediate Mass Stars I. Resolving the disk rotationin the [OI] 6300 Å line. 212.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2 Observations and Data Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.3 Stellar Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.3.1 HD 101412 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.3.2 HD 135344B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.3.3 HD 179218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.4 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.4.1 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.4.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36iiiContents2.5 Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Evidence for CO depletion in the inner regions of gas-richprotoplanetary disks 453.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.2 Observations and data reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.3 Observational Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.5 A Simple Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 The structure of disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars as tracedby CO ro-vibrational emission. 594.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.2 Sample description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.3 Observations and data reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.4.1 General description of the spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.4.2 CO rotational temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.4.3 Kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704.4.4 Spatially resolved CO and continuum emission . . . . . . . 734.4.5 CO absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.4.6 Other lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.4.7 Summary of observed trends in the CO emission . . . . . . 764.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.5.1 CO rotational temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.5.2 CO vibrational temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.5.3 Correlations between CO line width and temperature . . . 794.5.4 CO compared to other gas tracers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.5.5 A qualitative interpretation of the observed trends . . . . . 884.6 Where is the CO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.6.1 Keplerian fits to the line profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.6.2 A comparison to CO emission from T Tauri stars . . . . . 914.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95ivContents5 A CRIRES search for near-IR H2 emission from Herbig Ae/Bestars 975.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985.2 Observations and Data Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995.3 Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055.3.1 Line ratios and excitation mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . 1095.3.2 Line modeling with Keplerian flat disk models . . . . . . . 1105.3.3 H2, CO, and [OI] emitting regions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155.4 Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165.A Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1226 A theoretical study of CO ro-vibrational emission from disksaround Herbig Ae/Be stars. 1236.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246.2 The Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1266.2.1 ProDiMo Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1266.2.2 Model Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.3 Physical/Chemical structure of the models . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306.3.1 The standard model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306.3.2 Parameter study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1336.4 Observables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376.4.1 SED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376.4.2 Line profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1396.4.3 Rotational diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1466.5 Observations confront the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506.5.1 CO observational trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506.5.2 Model behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1546.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1546.7 Conclusions and future outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566.A Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Samenvatting 163Summary 167vContentsBibliography 171List of publications 179Acknowledgments 181vi

Warm gas in protoplanetary disks

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Warm gas in protoplanetary disks

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