Nekodirajuće RNK kao perspektiva u dijagnostici i lečenju kardiovaskularnih bolesti

Abstract

Kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) su klasa oboljenja koja obuhvataju srce i/ili krvne sudove i nastaju složenim sadejstvom genetičkih i stečenih faktora. Razvoj molekularne biologije omogućio je nove uvide u fundamentalne mehanizme koji dovode do KVB, kao i napredak u dijagnostici, prognostici i lečenju. Novi pristupi u dijagnostici i lečenju KVB podstaknuti su istraživanjima koja se odnose na nekodirajuće RNK - duge nekodirajuće RNK i kratke nekodirajuće RNK. Ova klasa molekula, ne samo da se povezuje sa različitim mehanizmima koji dovode do razvoja KVB, nego se prepoznaje njihov potencijal kao biomarkera, farmakogenetičkih faktora, novih meta lekova i novih alatki u lečenju bolesti. Upotreba nekih od njih u lečenju ljudi je i odobrena od strane relevantnih agencija. Posebnu pažnju privlače studije koje se odnose na nekodirajuće RNK poreklom iz ekstracelularnih vezikula, dodatno potvrđujući potencijal nekodirajuće RNK kao leka budućnosti, ne samo u tretmanu KVB.Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are group of diseases which encompass heart and/or blood vessels and they originate from complex coaction of genetic and acquired factors. Development of molecular biology has enabled new insights into fundamental mechanisms which lead to CVDs, as well as progress in diagnostics, prognosis and treatment. New approaches to diagnostics and treatment of CVDs have been encouraged by researches which are related to non-coding RNA, long non-coding and short non-coding RNA. Not only is this group of molecules being associated with different mechanisms which lead to CVDs, but their potential to be biomarkers, pharmacogenetic factors, new drug targets and new treatment tools is being recognised. Relevant agencies have approved some of them to be used for human treatments. Studies related to non-coding RNAs deriving from extracellular vesicles are getting special attention, additionally confirming non-coding RNAs potential as drug of the future, not limited just to CVDs