Capital leaving no one behind? : an empirical study of impact venture capital investments into the sustainable development goals

Abstract

Purpose: Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires substantial resource mobilization from the private sector to bridge the estimated annual funding gap of 2.5trillion.Scholarsrecognizeimpactinvestingaspartofthatsolution,butempiricalstudiesinthenascentfieldarescarce.ThisstudyanalysesfundingpatternsofimpactventurecapitaltowardstheSDGsaddressedbysocialventuresandcontextualizesthemgeographically.Design/methodology/approach:TounderstandwhichoftheSDGsreceivethehighest/lowestfundingamountsfrominvestors,asampleof695impactinvestmentdealsbetween20172021iscollectedfromaleadingfinancialdatabase.Subsequently,theventuresaremanuallymatchedwiththeircorrespondingSDGs,andmultipleregressionmodelsanalysetheeffectofthoseSDGsonthedealsizewhilecontrollingforexternalfactors.Findings:ItbecomesevidentthatneitherthehypothesizedSDGsnortheiroverarchingpillars(planet,people,prosperity,andpartnerships)positivelyinfluencethefundingamountonaglobalscale.Nevertheless,someofthegoalsdoreceivesignificantlymore/lessfinancialattentionfromimpactinvestorsinparticulargeographies.Implications:Ontheonehand,theresultsoutlineopportunitiesforimpactinvestorstotackleunderfundedSDGsegmentsacrossseveralgeographiesandunderstandhowpastcapitalwasallocatedtoshapefuturedecisionmaking.Ontheotherhand,policymakerscanutilizetheinsightstoidentifywhichgoalsreceivelowerfundingandsupplementthelackofprivatecapitalthroughblendedfinanceinitiatives.ThisdissertationcallsforfurtherempiricalresearchintheintegratedfieldofimpactinvestingandtheSDGs.Objetivo:AtingirosObjetivosdeDesenvolvimentoSustentaˊvel(ODS)requerumamobilizac\ca~osubstancialderecursosdosetorprivadoparasuperaralacunadefinanciamentoanualestimadaem2.5 trillion. Scholars recognize impact investing as part of that solution, but empirical studies in the nascent field are scarce. This study analyses funding patterns of impact venture capital towards the SDGs addressed by social ventures and contextualizes them geographically. Design/methodology/approach: To understand which of the SDGs receive the highest/lowest funding amounts from investors, a sample of 695 impact investment deals between 2017-2021 is collected from a leading financial database. Subsequently, the ventures are manually matched with their corresponding SDGs, and multiple regression models analyse the effect of those SDGs on the deal size while controlling for external factors. Findings: It becomes evident that neither the hypothesized SDGs nor their overarching pillars (planet, people, prosperity, and partnerships) positively influence the funding amount on a global scale. Nevertheless, some of the goals do receive significantly more/less financial attention from impact investors in particular geographies. Implications: On the one hand, the results outline opportunities for impact investors to tackle underfunded SDG segments across several geographies and understand how past capital was allocated to shape future decision-making. On the other hand, policymakers can utilize the insights to identify which goals receive lower funding and supplement the lack of private capital through blended finance initiatives. This dissertation calls for further empirical research in the integrated field of impact investing and the SDGs.Objetivo: Atingir os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) requer uma mobilização substancial de recursos do setor privado para superar a lacuna de financiamento anual estimada em 2,5 trilhões. Os estudiosos reconhecem o impacto do investimento como parte dessa solução, mas os estudos empíricos no campo nascente são escassos. Este estudo analisa os padrões de financiamento do capital de risco de impacto em direção aos ODS abordados pelos empreendimentos sociais e os contextualiza geograficamente. Metodologia: Para entender qual dos ODS recebe o maior/menor financiamento dos investidores, uma amostra de 695 negócios de investimento de impacto entre 2017-2021 é coletada de um banco de dados financeiro. Posteriormente, os empreendimentos são combinados manualmente com seus ODS correspondentes, e modelos de regressão analisam o efeito desses ODS sobre o tamanho do negócio enquanto controlam fatores externos. Resultados: Torna-se evidente que nem as hipóteses dos ODS nem seus pilares (planeta, pessoas, prosperidade e parcerias) influenciam positivamente o valor do financiamento em escala global. No entanto, alguns dos objetivos recebem significativamente mais/menos atenção financeira dos investidores de impacto em determinadas geografias. Implicações: Por um lado, os resultados esboçam oportunidades para os investidores de impacto enfrentarem segmentos sub-financiados dos ODS em várias geografias e entenderem como o capital passado foi alocado para moldar a tomada de decisões futuras. Por outro lado, os formuladores de políticas podem utilizar as idéias para identificar quais objetivos recebem menos financiamento e complementar com fundos públicos. Esta dissertação exige mais pesquisas empíricas no campo integrado do investimento de impacto e dos ODS

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