Ridesharing is recognized as one of the key pathways to sustainable urban
mobility. With the emergence of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) such as
Uber and Lyft, the ridesharing market has become increasingly fragmented in
many cities around the world, leading to efficiency loss and increased traffic
congestion. While an integrated ridesharing market (allowing sharing across
TNCs) can improve the overall efficiency, how such benefits may vary across
TNCs based on actual market characteristics is still not well understood. In
this study, we extend a shareability network framework to quantify and explain
the efficiency benefits of ridesharing market integration using available TNC
trip records. Through a case study in Manhattan, New York City, the proposed
framework is applied to analyze a real-world ridesharing market with 3
TNCs−Uber, Lyft, and Via. It is estimated that a perfectly integrated market
in Manhattan would improve ridesharing efficiency by 13.3%, or 5% of daily TNC
vehicle hours traveled. Further analysis reveals that (1) the efficiency
improvement is negatively correlated with the overall demand density and
inter-TNC spatiotemporal unevenness (measured by network modularity), (2)
market integration would generate a larger efficiency improvement in a
competitive market, and (3) the TNC with a higher intra-TNC demand
concentration (measured by clustering coefficient) would benefit less from
market integration. As the uneven benefits may deter TNCs from collaboration,
we also illustrate how to quantify each TNC's marginal contribution based on
the Shapley value, which can be used to ensure equitable profit allocation.
These results can help market regulators and business alliances to evaluate and
monitor market efficiency and dynamically adjust their strategies, incentives,
and profit allocation schemes to promote market integration and collaboration