This document compiles in an informal manner, some of the theoretical teaching content considered for the Urban Planning 3, course 2013- 2014. It also includes the outline and hand-in instructions of the two practical exercises developed during the course. The purpose of this compilation of teaching notes is to serve as reference and basis for future courses taught in English, as this was the first experience for the subject Urban Planning 3.The proofreading of this material has been carried out by the Languages and Culture Service at the University of Alicante by means of the programme “Ayudas a la elaboración de material docente 2013 en inglés y valenciano”

Mínguez Martínez, Enrique

Serrano-Estrada, Leticia

Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante

URBAN PLANNING 3 UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE . COURSE 2013 - 2014Informal notes from the course’s theoretical and practical contentCREDITSURBAN PLANNING 3Informal notes from the course’s theoretical and practical contentCourse’s main structure and practi-cal exercises informationEnrique Mínguez Martínez Elaboration of the English language theoretical teaching materialLeticia Serrano Estrada Linguistic reviewEmma Jane Brown (Languages and Culture Service) The proofreading of this material has been carried out by the Languages and Culture Service at the University of Alicante by means of the programme“Ayudas a la elabo-ración de material docente 2013 en inglés y valenciano”.CONTENTS05   PREFACE07    NOTES ON THE THEORETICAL CONTENT       61   PRACTICAL CONTENT INSTRUCTIONS       5PREFACEThis document compiles in an informal manner, some of the theoretical teaching content considered for the Urban Planning 3, course 2013- 2014.It also includes the outline and hand-in instructions of the two practical exercises developed during the course.The purpose of this compilation of teaching notes is to serve as reference and basis for future courses taught in English, as this was the first experience for the subject Urban Planning 3.Alicante, July 20147URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING:THE PARTIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN  NOTES ON THE THEORETICAL CONTENT8910111213How to define a partial development plan?1415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585961EXERCISE 1:INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF A RESIDENTIAL SECTOR (ECO-NEIGHBOURHOOD)1. INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of the Urban Planning 3 course is to have a first approach to the city plan-ning and construction.The first half of the academic year (Urban Planning 2) the student was able to:• Study the city from the public space perspective.• Identify what the fundamental criteria are that public spaces should have in order to promote sociability and public life. • Recognise how existing urban spaces are perceived by the citizens and what physical characteristics contribute to their success.• Analyse and develop an unsuccessful public space transformation proposal, applying the theoretical and practical strategies learned throughout the course and recognise its relation to other spaces and functions of the existing city.  PRACTICAL CONTENT INSTRUCTIONS62 The objective of Urban Planning 3 is to work on new (barely built) territory areas, where an integrated residential sector will be developed. The aim of this exercise is to achieve urban settings (eco-neighbourhoods) where Environmental Sustainability Indicators are implemented in order to guarantee a sustainable city growth. Two areas of the city of Cartagena have been selected:• The West area (composed by Zones 1, 2 and 3) is bordered by the consolidated city on the Northeast side, and by peripheral small residential urban centres on the Southeast side.• The East area (composed by Zones 4, 5 and 6) is bordered by agricultural plots —far-mlands— and an industrial complex on the North side, by the A-30  motorway on the East side, and by the consolidated city on the Southwest side. The A-30 motorway is the main access road to Cartagena.These areas integrate aspects in both environmental and building processes, taking into account:• Land-parcelling• Landscape• Vegetation• Existing road networks• Existing building developments: residential, urban facilities and infrastructure…63All the above elements are crucial in considering new urban developments based on sustainability and efficiency criteria.The proposals must consider the site’s existing characteristics, the urban border treat-ment, the public spaces configuration, the construction of private environments, the spatial and functional relation to the rest of the city and, most importantly guarantee Cartagena’s sustainable growth.2. GENERAL APPROACH• Apply the Environmental Sustainability Indicators addressed during the course.• Develop open public spaces  network integrated through green belts, allowing for sma-ller spaces to stay, plazas and pedestrian streets. The project must include NOT ONLY THE DEFINED SITE AREA, but also the ADJACENT URBAN AREAS.• Design centrality areas with enough urban facilities and infrastructure:a. Sanitary facilitiesb. Educational institutionsc. Sports and social centersd. AdministrativeThese all should be connected to the main green public spaces system.• Design a collective transportation system (electric bus, compressed natural gas bus, minibus, tram, light rail, etc.) that enhance mobility within the proposed compact deve-lopment and avoid traffic congestion. Other alternative transportation must be conside-64red such as bike tracks, pedestrian streets, etc. • Look for high diversity in urban typologies:- Urban and building model types (garden city, new expansion —ensanche—, linear bloc-ks, towers...) unified through the green structure of the city.- Medium-high density predominantly residential sector that configures a continuous and 65cohesive urban fabric.• Give response to the site’s urban border, integrating the urban and environmental context surrounding it.• Consider the consolidated city as well as the existing infrastructures and facilities, in order to achieve the highest degree of urban unification and integration.3. URBAN PLANNING PARAMETERS • Areas of analysis (guide values):West area: Divided into zones: Zone 1, Zone 2 and Zone 3.East area: Divided into zones: Zone 4, Zone 5 and Zone 6.Zone 1:  65 Has.  Zone 4:  79 Has.Zone 2:  68 Has.  Zone 5:  65 Has.Zone 3:  72 Has.  Zone 6:  69 Has.• Development potential (edificability index): 0,5 m²/m² (to be defined).GENERAL SYSTEMS:• G. S. of Open Spaces:20 m2/100 m2 of residential use.• G. S. of Urban Infrastructure:5m2/100 m2 of residential use.66LOCAL SYSTEM:-Public Green Zones:Minimum 10% of the total site area (subtracting the area considered for the G.S. of open Spaces).Green zones classification: playgrounds, gardens and urban parks.-Urban infrastructure and facilities (public sector):Minimum 10% of the total site area (subtracting the G.S. of urban infrastructure).Land reserved for public use classification (for institutional purposes): recreatio-nal-sports, educative-cultural, healthcare, administrative-institutional and infrastructu-re-urban service. The edificability of private institutional purposes will not count towards the public use standard; however it must be included in the m2 of the total ceiling area.  -Road network (public sector):Road network classification: Transit Road, Pedestrian Area, Parking: 1 private parking space + 1 public parking space / 100m2 of residential edificability.-Private sector land• Unsubsidised /non-regulated housing.• Subsidised housing: 30% of the total built area.67• Commercial uses on exclusive plot or/and on the ground floors of predominantly re-sidential buildings. -Building conditions• Buildings: Ground floor + 5 to 7-stories high (to be defined). Building heights above the standard must be justified. • Ground floor uses must be justified.• Industrial uses are not allowed.-Mandatory cession. Municipal Dedicated Lands10 % of the developable gross area as municipal reserve.-Environmental Sustainability IndicatorsIn order to define the diversity of elements that will eventually compose the final propo-sal, the Environmental Sustainability Indicators will be studied, especially those related to:• The urban morphology• The public space and mobility• The complexity• The urban metabolism68• The biodiversity• The social cohesion4. HAND IN DOCUMENTATION4.1 MEMORY-Informative Documentation (Memory):Relevant circumstances, site’s physical description, biological characteristics, existing infrastructure, buildings…-Supporting Urban Planning Documentation (Memory):Explanation of the urban planning proposal (eco-neighbourhood) indicating all referen-ces and urban models taken into account for the project development, as well as the site´s potential opportunities detected. Include a summary table with all areas assigned for building uses, cessions, etc… and a second summary table that shows the results of the applied Sustainability Indicators.Photographical documentation should be included in the annex.4.2 PLANS / DRAWINGS69INFORMATION PLANS  I1. Site planLocation plan, orthophoto …   I2. Physical site conditions and data collection• Existing buildings: typology, uses…• Topography: Slope of the terrain, views… and landscape characteristics such as the hydrology (water course), vegetation…• Existing infrastructures of the sector: road network, rail network, cycle network, foot-paths/ trails network, etc. I 3. Connections plan• Existing city• Green spaces Urban facilitiesUrban infrastructures (roads, hydrological, rail…)The information plans cover the analysis from the sector/ site scale up to the city scale (urban morphology, infrastructures, facilities, green spaces network…)DEVELOPMENT PLANS  O1. General Initial sketchesInterpretation plan: what already exists and what is proposedIdentify the site´s opportunities and issues (what already exists), overall problems of 70surrounding areas, actions and data (what exists in other places), main action plans and definition of objectives to accomplish (what I want to achieve), occupation strategies (how to achieve the defined objectives).  O2. Structural development planConnection of both defined areas (East and West) with the rest of Cartagena city and its territory.The structural development plans have a twofold intention: the area development (com-prised by 3 Zones or Sectors) and the connection to the city.  O3. Integrated development planDevelopment plan of the corresponding zone or sector  O4. Zoning plan• Urban qualification (residential, tertiary…)• Public and private sector land• Green areas• Collective transportation• Buildable plotsA summary table that includes all numeric characteristics of the project must be inclu-ded.  O5. Road infrastructureTypes of networks:• Main roads, secondary roads…• Smaller roads or intervías (building block scale- access to buildings) 71• Pedestrian and coexistence (motorists and pedestrians sharing the same space)• Exclusive collective transport lanes• Cycle path/track/lanePedestrian areas and parking spaces, dissuasive parking sites (park and ride concept).Include street sections, dimensioned and indicating functional lanes.Sustainability Indicators related to PUBLIC SPACE AND MOBILITY.  O6. Private plotsAreas, edificability, heights…A summary table that includes all numeric characteristics of the project Sustainability Indicators related to URBAN MORPHOLOGY.  O7. Green Zones Parks, squares, gardens, playgrounds… an overall scheme of the proposed green ne-twork.Sustainability Indicators related to BIODIVERSITY.  O8. Urban infrastructure and facilities (private and public)Educative facilitiesHealthcare facilitiesCultural facilities, administrative facilities,etc.Urban services and infrastructure. An overall scheme of the proposed infrastructure ne-twork.72Sustainability Indicators related to SOCIAL COHESION.  O9. Public domain.  Municipal Dedicated Lands10 % of the developable gross area as municipal reserve  O10. ManagementTerritorial action unit definitionTotal areas and edificability schemes  O11. Proposed volumetric drawings3D views, infographs and perspectives characterising at least three different environ-ments of the project.Model/prototype picturesHAND IN FORMAT:Scale to be defined by each groupDIN-A3 size booklet with all requested documentationCD with a digital copy of all requested documentation (.pdf)Hand in delivery time and place: 13:00 – 14:00hrs, in the lecturers’ officeDate: to be defined73EXERCISE 2:RESIDENTIAL BUILDING TYPOLOGY DEVELOPMENT1. INTRODUCTION From the proposed eco-neighbourhood (Ex 1), one residential block -or a group of bloc-ks- will be selected in order to define its relation to the city and its architectural features considering bioclimatic and energy efficiency criteria. Strategies related to flexibility, diversity and space aggregation possibilities must be taken into consideration. 2. GENERAL APPROACH Under the sustainable and energy efficient city perspective, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge the following general aspects:  2.1. Related to the building shapeThe longer façade must be the one that is best oriented towards the solar incidenceThe shape of the building must favour cross ventilation throughout the interior spaces  2.2. Related to the building openings and sun control Buildings provided with exterior shading devicesBuildings which has an opening size that responds to their solar orientation  2.3. Related to the building’s weather protection elements Façade overhangs, eaves, projected or cantilevered features… 74  2.4. Related to the building’s roof Buildings with a ventilated roof system Buildings with vegetated roof in at least 25% of the total roof area  2.5. Related to hygienic and sanitary conditionsOptimise the use of natural light throughout all interior spaces Rainwater collection or harvesting systemsBuilding’s greywater reuse Buildings with permanent ventilation systems   2.6. Related to building’s equipment and systems Natural refrigeration system (passive cooling) Centralised system of heating and hot water Low consumption elevators  2.7. Related to pedestrian and bicycle accessibilityBuildings providing the minimum number of automobile parking spaces requiredBuildings provided with the required bicycle parking area by the studied sustainability indicators  2.8. Related to the comfort and security of the building’s adjacent public space Good quantity of floor openings or doors (at least 1/ 30 metres)  2.9. Related to the exterior climate improvement and thermal comfort Deciduous trees Humidification systems that increase the relative humidity level in summer75 Exterior permeable pavement Other factors related to urban quality:  2.10. Building typologies Diversity of building typologies   2.11. Complexity Mix of uses and city functions Public spaces as gathering places that promote citizen interaction  2.12. Introduction of new urban networks – urban metabolismIntegration of solar photovoltaic energy networks to buildings and public spaces Preferred use of renewable energy sources   2.13. Solar paths consideration The south façade and the roof surface receive more solar radiation The north façade receives diffuse radiation Solar protection to avoid overheating of south and west-facing façades  2.14. Bioclimatic recommendations Building interior liveable spaces located at the best building orientationResidential units must be facing two opposite directions for natural ventilation purposes Passive refrigeration systems in south facades Variation in facades’ openings percentage according to their orientation Façade opening protection devices76 Terraces on the best oriented façade Draining pondsGreenery and water in public spaces to create comfortable microclimates 3. URBAN PARAMETERS• Building depth  ≤ 15 metres(Recommended 10 – 12 metres)• Private parking: 1 parking space/100 m² of built gross area.• Main floor minimum ceiling height: 3.60 metres.• Garage ramp width ≥ 3.00 metres.(Max. ramp slope ≤ 16% in straight section and ≤ 12% in curved section)• Free parking space dimension: 2.50 m. x 4.50 m. • Free height of underground or semi-underground floors: 2.30 m.• Free height of residential units: 2.70 m.4. HAND IN DOCUMENTATION  4.1. MEMORY / VIDEO explaining:• The contextualisation of the selected typology within the eco-neighbourhood and the 77city. • The building typology and its highlighting features• The flexibility of the typical floor plan proposed demonstrating the multiple possibili-ties of its physical configuration• The bioclimatic criteria and energy efficiency features considered for the building defi-nition  4.2. PLANS THAT DESCRIBE THE PROJECT As a suggestion, the following plans could be included:   4.2.1Location map (Indicating the building orientation)   4.2.2 Main floor (ground level) Describing the building’s main floor relationship to the public space:• Underground parking access ramp location• Building access to residential units and to the commercial activities establishments• Adjacent public spaces and tree / greenery location• Indicate with a dotted line, the overall underground parking area outline   4.2.3 Floor plans• Typical floor plan• Attic floor plan• Underground or semi-underground floor78• Roof plan• Detail of typical floor plan. Scale: 1/50.   4.2.4 Elevations• North, south, east and west (as needed)• Detail of a façade section. Scale: 1/50   4.2.5 Sections• Lengthwise and crosswise section   4.2.6 Volumes / Infographics  4.3. FLEXIBILITY, DIVERSITY AND AGGREGATION OF SPACESStudy different alternatives of the use of the typical floor plan.   4.3.1. Strategies (Technical flooring, acoustic mobile partitions, modular bathroom and kitchen, perfectible façade…)   4.3.2. Objectives (Flexible residential unit: home office, modular configura-tion of spaces, neighbor relationship spaces within buildings, hybrid buildings…)   4.4. BIOCLIMATIC CRITERIA AND ENERGY EFFICIENCYRepresent the bioclimatic strategies considered in the building and public space design in plans, elevations and sections. Scale: 1/50   4.4.1. Urban recommendations   4.4.2. Passive strategies  (Solar paths)   4.4.3. Active strategies795. HAND IN DELIVERY INFORMATION• Scale to be defined by each team• DIN-A3 printed off of all plans• The video must be a short clip (up to 5 minutes)• A CD containing the PDF file of all plans and the video fileHand in due date and all video presentations will take place the 21st May, 2014 at the same time and place where classes are held.

Urban Planning 3. Informal notes from the course's theoretical and practical content

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