After the period of forced quarantine due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the physiological principle of detraining became more evident than ever [...]

Chulvi-Medrano I.

Padua E.

Thomas E.

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Palermo

Citation: Chulvi-Medrano, I.;Thomas, E.; Padua, E. PhysicalExercise for Health and PerformancePost-Pandemic COVID-19 Era, aRenewed Emphasis on Public Health.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022,19, 6475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116475Received: 20 May 2022Accepted: 24 May 2022Published: 26 May 2022Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralwith regard to jurisdictional claims inpublished maps and institutional affil-iations.Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This article is an open access articledistributed under the terms andconditions of the Creative CommonsAttribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).International  Journal  ofEnvironmental Researchand Public HealthEditorialPhysical Exercise for Health and Performance Post-PandemicCOVID-19 Era, a Renewed Emphasis on Public HealthIván Chulvi-Medrano 1,* , Ewan Thomas 2 and Elvira Padua 31 Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE),Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain2 Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences,University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; ewan.thomas@unipa.it3 Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University,00166 Rome, Italy; elvira.padua@uniroma5.it* Correspondence: ivan.chulvi@uv.esAfter the period of forced quarantine due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the physiologicalprinciple of detraining became more evident than ever. Reducing the amount of physi-cal exercise has been shown to have negative effects on health [1,2] and athletic/sportsperformance [3].In this sense, physical exercise can attenuate this decline [4,5]. Physical exerciseas a stressful stimulus responds to a dose–response relationship in which there mustbe a minimum of physical exercise to trigger/induce adaptations [6,7], always takinginto account the interindividuality of responses and adaptations [8,9]. An example isrepresented in a recent meta-analysis in which, after analyzing seven prospective cohortstudies including 175,370 people, an inverse linear association between the number of dailysteps from 2700 to 17,000 and the risk of mortality was found [10].On the relationship between exercise and health, it is of great interest to provide dataon the beneficial effects of physical exercise on health and quality of life in pediatric [11,12],adult [13,14] and elderly [15,16] stages.In the first place, the benefit of physical exercise is established by the increase inthe daily energy cost, which prevent and even reverse the risk of the Sedentary DeathSyndrome [1]. Therefore, physical exercise represents a non-pharmacological medicine thatshould be administered as primary prevention for the main 35 chronic diseases [17]. Inaddition, it is known that physical exercise plays an important role in tertiary preventionby providing a non-pharmacological strategy for the management of different establishedpathologies [18].In relation to the psychosocial domain of health, the benefits of physical exercisewere well known [19]. However, due to the pandemic, there has been increased concernabout mental health and how physical exercise can positively influence [20–22]. It has beenrecently shown that even below minimum levels of physical activity can have a protectiveeffect against depression [22].Sports science oriented to physical performance in sports, in recent years, has high-lighted the importance of paying attention to factors other than training, such as nutri-tion [23,24] and sleep/recovery [25–27]. These factors have a great influence on physi-cal performance [28]. Strategies that optimize recovery will have restorative effects onphysiological and cognitive systems, allowing adaptations and a decrease in the risk offatigue-induced injury [24].In recent years, sports science has deepened in the study of molecular biology, whichallows understanding the physiological processes that would explain the exercise-inducedeffects and/or benefits expected for both health and performance. Thus, for example, sincethe discovery in 2000 of the myokine IL-6 [29] and its benefits, much progress has beenInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116475 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerphInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6475 2 of 3made, allowing the coining of the concept of exerkinines [30]. As a result, findings haveshown that physical exercise favors cross-talk between muscle and various tissues such asbone [31].For all these reasons, the need to deepen the knowledge provided by sports sci-ences is evident. Therefore, the idea of this Special Issue is to call for the submissionof articles that allow a multidisciplinary approach for the optimization of health andphysical-sports performance.Funding: This research received no external funding.Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.References1. Lees, S.J.; Booth, F.W. Sedentary death syndrome. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004, 29, 447–460. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Booth, F.W.; Roberts, C.K.; Thyfault, J.P.; Ruegsegger, G.N.; Toedebusch, R.G. Role of inactivity in chronic diseases: Evolutionaryinsight and pathophysiological mechanisms. Physiol. Rev. 2017, 97, 1351–1402. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Mujika, I.; Padilla, S. Detraining: Loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part II: Long terminsufficient training stimulus. Sports Med. 2000, 30, 145–154. [CrossRef] [PubMed]4. Ravalli, S.; Musumeci, G. Coronavirus Outbreak in Italy: Physiological Benefits of Home-Based Exercise During Pandemic. J.Funct. 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Physical Exercise for Health and Performance Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Era, a Renewed Emphasis on Public Health

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Physical Exercise for Health and Performance Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Era, a Renewed Emphasis on Public Health

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