Novel and investigational therapies for wet and dry age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

Funding Information: The authors are thankful to the Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India for providing facilities to carry out this work. V.J.is supported by a personal research grant from the Finnish Cultural Foundation (Ingrid, Toini and Olavi Martelius foundation), and thanks Arto Urtti for suggestions that improved the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The AuthorsAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a macular degenerative eye disease, the major cause of irreversible loss of central vision. In this review, we highlight current progress and future perspectives of novel and investigational therapeutic strategies in the drug pipeline, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, bispecific antibodies, biosimilars, small molecules, gene therapy, and long-acting drug delivery strategies for both dry and wet AMD. We anticipate that biologics with dual functionalities and combined therapies with long-acting capabilities will lead the wet AMD pipeline. Sustained-release platforms also show potential. However, significant breakthroughs are yet to be made for dry AMD. The personalized approach might be well suited in the scenario of diverse genetic variations in both conditions.Peer reviewe