Kienle, Andrea

Schlieker-Steens, Philipp

Schlösser, Christian

English

BieColl - Bielefeld eCollections

Prof. Dr. Andrea Kienle, Christian Schlösser, Philipp Schlieker-Steens University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 42, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Email: andrea.kienle@fh-dortmund.de, christian.schloesser@fh-dortmund.de, philipp.schlieker-steens@fh-dortmund.de Experiences from eye tracking chat-communication using the INKA-SUITE Prof. Dr. Andrea Kienle, Christian Schlösser, Philipp Schlieker-Steens 1 Introduction Eye tracking is a common way for analyzing the usability of applications (e.g., Duchowski, 2007), stationary single user systems (e.g., Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2010) and websites (e.g., Nielsen & Loranger, 2006). Existing eye tracking sys-tems are limited to static content like websites. In these applications the content is placed at the same position for all participants and can be easily compared. If this area of interest (AOI) is not static, but changes its size, shape or position, the eval-uation becomes more complex and requires an amount of manual analysis. This is especially the case in cooperative applications like chats. The difficulty is, that you cannot predict the time of change, because it is caused by user input (e.g., new chat message, scrolling) - the dynamics of the AOI cannot be foretold. Existing eye tracking software is therefore not suitable in situations of changing AOIs. Therefore a new approach is needed to overcome these problems. The paper is structured by introducing you to the INKA-SUITE itself, followed by the description of a first experiment with its results. At the end there is an outlook. 2 INKA-SUITE The INKA-SUITE is a platform that integrates the application and the analysis of eye tracking dynamic AOIs (e.g., Kienle et al., 2013). The base of the INKA-SUITE is the connectivity to Tobii eye trackers (http://www.tobii.com). With a di-rect connection between the eye tracker gaze data stream and GUI, the INKA-SUITE identifies AOIs at runtime, regardless of size, shape and position. Every gaze data record is complemented by the underlying GUI element, identified by names, ID’s and/or references to other database tables such as chat messages or users. A subsequent manual work is eliminated and the evaluation can be started immediately. This profound cross-linking between analyses related functions and user software cannot be adapted by existing eye tracking analysis software. DOI: 10.2390/biecoll-saga2013_4In Pfeiffer and Essig (2013): Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Solutions for Automatic Gaze-Data Analysis 2013 (SAGA 2013). DOI: 10.2390/biecoll-saga2013_0Experiences from eye tracking chat-communication using the INKA-SUITE The components of the INKA-SUITE are: (a) A server to control and manage clients as well as providing tem-plates for the clients. Using templates enables researchers to conduct A/B tests. (b) A client application for user interaction, which is connected to an eye tracker and presents the chosen template. (c) An analysis component for managing projects and analyzing the collected data. Because fixations are represented by GUI elements, further information, such as fixation length and underlying AOI, can be retrieved through tooltips. Fig. 1: INKA-SUITE Timeline (left) and Replay (right) as part of the analysis component The analysis component processes the recorded data and is divided into three parts: (a) In the statistic tool, general information about the chat session and also about each user is presented. For example these are duration of chat, keystrokes per minute, time to first message and messages per minute. (b) Within the timeline tool, the entire chat session is presented on a timeline for each user (see Figure 1, left). This ensures the compara-bility between users. Shortcuts, keystrokes, chat messages and fixa-tions of the users are listed separately for each user. Using annota-tions, important areas can be marked. The displayed output is fully dynamic and can be adapted to the current problem. The presentation of the collected data in form of the timeline, is oriented at the table structure of Beißwenger (2007) and the presentation of fixations by Stellmach et al. (2010). (c) The replay tool shows a replay of the chat from the user’s point of view (see Figure 1, right). This tool is chronology replaying the chat, similar to a screen recording, but with options to select and deselect the data that is output at runtime, also showing fixations and sac-cades as a scanpath (e.g., Mealha et al., 2012).   Prof. Dr. Andrea Kienle, Christian Schlösser, Philipp Schlieker-Steens 3 Experiment To test the INKA-SUITE, an experiment in cooperation with the Institute of Ger-man language and literature of the TU Dortmund was accomplished. In this study the usability of the INKA-SUITE should be tested at first. Secondly questions from the linguists with respect to the influence of different user interfaces in chats for the structure of discussions should be answered.  Fig. 2: Two templates: Standard Chat (left) and Talk (right) By using the templating feature two templates were created (see Figure 2). One template (Figure 2 left) represents a Standard-Chat-Environment (SCE) (e.g., Beißwenger, 2003) with an input field and a chat protocol. Template two (Figure 2 right) is designed as a so called Talk layout similar to the Unix Talk. It contains the same features as the SCE but in addition a synchronous user list, which shows all connected chat partners and a live view from their text input fields. Tab.  1: Study organization The table above offers an overview about the experiment organization. In the study, 26 participants were recorded while chatting in two different scenarios. To solve the problems given by the scenarios, the participants have to exchange their information which differs to each other.  The using of the INKA-SUITE while collecting and analyzing the data provides no problems. All ten chat-communications were completely recorded and supply a wide database for the analysis by the linguists. Day 1 - Chat Groups of two Groups of three Movie jury - scenario 2 1 Murderer - scenario 2 Day 2 - Talk Groups of two Groups of three Movie jury - scenario 2 1 Murderer - scenario 2 Experiences from eye tracking chat-communication using the INKA-SUITE Fig. 3: Study result – eye tracking inaccuracy The study revealed that the inaccuracy of the eye trackers is a problem (see Figure 3). Some gaze plots do not land on the AOI which is fixated. Therefore a manual effort is needed in some cases. A solution could be repositioning and larger scal-ing of the AOIs. The analysis by the linguists is still ongoing. 4 Outlook The INKA-SUITE is basis for further research like automatic pattern recognition (e.g., revisions), contextualized communication and extension of simultaneous chats. A planned project called Chat++, enabled by real-time AOI identification, could therefore support features like reading awareness, eye tracking-based refer-encing and activity and context-awareness. References 1. Beißwenger, M. (2003): Sprachhandlungskoordination im Chat. In: Zeitschrift für german-istische Linguistik 31 (2), S. 198–231.2. Beißwenger, M. (2007): Sprachhandlungskoordination in der Chat-Kommunikation: Walterde Gruyter (26).3. Duchowski, Andrew (2007): Eye Tracking Methodology. Theory and Practice. Second.London: Springer-Verlag London Limited. Online verfügbar unterhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-609-4.4. Kienle, A.; Schlieker-Steens, P.; Schlösser C. (2013): INKA-SUITE: An Integrated Test-Environment for Analyzing Chat Communication. In: CSCL 2013 - Conference ProceedingsVolume II, Conference Proceedings Volume II, S. 285–286.5. Mealha, O.; Veloso, A.; Almeida, S.; Rodrigues, R.; Roque, L.; Marques, R.; Manteigueiro,C. (2012): Eye tracking data representation and visualization: on information and communi-cation studies at CETAC. MEDIA.6. Nielsen, Jakob; Loranger, Hoa (2006): Prioritizing web usability: New Riders.7. Shneiderman, Ben; Plaisant, Catherine (2010): Designing the user interface. Strategies foreffective human-computer interaction. 5. Aufl. Boston: Addison-Wesley.8. Stellmach, Sophie; Nacke, Lennart; Dachselt, Raimund (2010): Advanced gaze visualiza-tions for three-dimensional virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the 2010 symposium oneye-tracking research & Applications. ACM, S. 109–112.

Experiences from eye tracking chat-communication using the INKA-SUITE

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Experiences from eye tracking chat-communication using the INKA-SUITE

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