Application of an electronic tongue as a single-run tool for olive oils’ total phenols and oxidative stability estimation

Abstract

Olive oil quality can be enhanced during olive oil extraction, particularly by promoting the extraction of phenolic compounds extraction leading to the increase of the oxidative stability (OS). However, both total phenols content (TPC) and OS measurements (Folin-Ciocalteau spectrophotometric method and Rancimat, respectively) are time-consuming and expensive tasks, of difficult implementation in production lines. Thus, the present work studied the feasibility of using a potentiometric lab-made electronic tongue (E-tongue, Figure 1A), comprising non-specific lipid polymeric sensor membranes, coupled with multiple linear regression (MLR) models to predict TPC and an estimative of the OS of cv. Cobrançosa oils extracted at different malaxation temperatures (22 to 34 °C). For the potentiometric analysis, the oils’ polar phenol fraction was extracted with n-hexane and an aqueous methanolic solution (MeOH/H2O 80:20 v/v). The E-tongue-MLR models, based on sub-sets of 11 non-redundant sensors selected using the simulated annealing algorithm, allowed predicting (repeated K-folds-CV) the TPC (175<TPC<240 mg GAE/kg; RMSE=2.0±0.8 mg GAE/kg; R2=0.99±0.01) and, indirectly, to estimate the OS (11.5<OS<14.5 h; RMSE=0.08±0.07 h; R2=0.99±0.01), which values are directly related with the TPC. The satisfactory quantitative performance can be visualized in Figure 1B. In conclusion, the results showed that the E-tongue could be applied for quantifying TCP and predicting OS, both abovementioned shelf-life related parameters.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), CEB (UIDB/04469/2020) and REQUIMTE-LAQV (UID/QUI/50006/2019)). I.M.G. Marx would also like to acknowledge FCT/MCTES for the Ph.D. grant number SFRH/BD/137283/2018. It is also acknowledge the national funding by FCT through the individual scientific employment program-contract with N. Rodriguesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

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