Cairns, Jill E.

Zaman-Allah, Mainassara

CGSpace

Effective and innovative approaches to phenotypic evaluationJill Cairns & Mainassara ZA Global Maize Program1. The role of phenotyping2. Conceptual scheme3. Phenotyping for cultivar development – shift from “physiologist preferred traits” to “breeder preferred traits” 4. Devising an effective “screen” for a trait of interest5. Phenotyping technologies 6. Data collection, data management, data analysis7. Phenotyping in the context of genetic gain8. Phenotyping and product profiles OutlineRole of Phenotyping(Adapted from Jesse Poland)Role of PhenotypingMolecular and biochemical signatures“observable” or “measurable” properties of an organismToolboxSet of methodologies and protocolsUnderstand plant-environment interactionsUnderstanding of how crops function Basis for understanding of traitsCrop models calibrationEvaluationGenerate informationSelection for desirable traitsConceptual SchemeDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTrait Characterization• Variation?• Proxies?• Mechanism involved?• What to select for?TraitOutputRadiationWaterNutrientsEnvironmentDrought toleranceDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTrait CharacterizationAquaporinsDrought toleranceGY = [W x Ptrans x WUE] x HI whereW = water available to the plantPtrans= proportion of water transpired by the cropWUE = water use efficiencyHI = harvest indexDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestWater lossesWater uptakeWUERootsStomatal conductanceHydraulic conductanceLeaf areaHICanopy temperatureTrait CharacterizationLow nitrogen tolerance Devising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTrait CharacterizationNitrogen use efficiencyGY =  [NA x Nuptake x NUE] x HI whereNA = soil N available to the plantNuptake= proportion of N taken up by the cropNUE = nitrogen use efficiencyHI = harvest indexDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestN utilizationN uptakeNUERootsPlant heightHICanopy senescenceTrait CharacterizationYield potentialDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTrait CharacterizationYield potentialGY = RAD x %RI x GLD x RUE  x HI whereRAD = incident radiation per day%RI = fraction of incident radiation intercepted by green leavesGLD = green leaf duration, or number of days leaves remain green RUE = radiation use efficiency HI = harvest indexDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestRIRUERootsLeaf areaHILeaf angleTrait CharacterizationDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestAccurate Non accuratePreciseNot preciseVadez V.Precision does notnecessarily meanreliability/accuracyPrecision and accuracy in phenotypingData collection methods/toolsPrecision management (Stress…..)Environment CharacterizationDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestPrecision and accuracy in phenotypingPrecisionRep. of TPEsTiming of data collectionRelevant treatmentDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestPrecision and accuracy in phenotypingAccuracyDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTesting environments: specialized vs non-specializedBasic requirementsSite selection criteriaDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTesting environments: specialized vs non-specializedBasic requirementsMapping spatial variabilityQuantification of biomassVisual estimatesImage analysisSpectral reflectanceDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTesting environments: specialized vs non-specializedUniformity trialsUniformity trial can significantly improve characterization ofgermplasm:• reduce the risk of failure• plot error control• accurate stress management• improve data qualityDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTesting environments: specialized vs non-specializedUniformity trialsUniformity trial can significantly improve characterization ofgermplasm:• reduce the risk of failure• plot error control• accurate stress management• improve data qualityDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTesting environments: specialized vs non-specializedSpecialized Vs Non-SpecializedManaged DroughtManaged Low NitrogenRandom StressOn-FarmDevising an effective “screen” for a trait of interestTesting environments: specialized vs non-specializedSpecialized Vs Non-Specializedhttp://excellenceinbreeding.org/sites/default/files/manual/58000_4.pdfPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsClassical phenotyping methods were:- labor intensive/slow with associated costand precision/accuracy implications- limited by their throughput which impactedthe number of traits that can be evaluated.Phenomics is going through a phase of rapid development Robotic measurements Remote sensingPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsField Variability MappingMaize trial - Chiredzistation (Zimbabwe)Controlling field spatial variationTrial mapping Potential use for data analysisPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsLow nitrogen field at CIMMYT-Harare(Zimbabwe)Phenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and tools- Tassel development detection- Actual anthesis date requiresintegration of machine learningMale floweringPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsPlant height measurementusing data transfer-enabledlaser distance meterPlant HeightPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsTassel countPlant countPlant CountPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and tools• Average cob size• Cob number• Cob uniformity index• Total Kernel number• Total Kernel weight• Kernel row number• Average kernel size• Kernel uniformity indexYield ComponentsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsYield ComponentsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and tools1 2 34 5 6Yield ComponentsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsMakanza et al. Plant MethodsBroad-sense heritability Grain yield(Mg ha-1)Kernel attributes Ear attributesVisible Kernel NumberMean width (cm)Mean length (cm)Total area (cm2)Mean area (cm)Mean perimeter (cm)Total Numberper plotTotal Weight (g plot-1)Number per plotMean length (cm)Mean width (cm)0.477 0.537 0.750 0.783 0.483 0.744 0.794 0.534 0.456 0.601 0.605 0.504Yield ComponentsPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsValue of Sensing TechnologyReduces time required for measurements by 50 to 90%Reduces cost related to data collection by 25 to 75%Enables short revisit periodsHigh ThroughputCost EffectiveTime Series DataPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsUAV regulations challenges/optionsProximal Sensing Cart Service provision by private companiesPhenotyping technologiesPlatforms and toolsThank you for your interest!

Effective and innovative approaches to phenotypic evaluation

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Effective and innovative approaches to phenotypic evaluation

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