There were 65 cases of  leptospirosis with four deaths in Sunan Kalijaga Hospital during January to April, 2008.The research aims to determine the relationship bet-ween personal hygiene and a history of injury with the incidence of leptospirosis. The research design was observational analytic with case control approach. Their population are the case of public hospital inpatients who suffer leptospirosis and control populations hospital inpatients who do not. The 45 samples consist of 15 sample cases, 30 control samples. The sampling technique is random sampling with a questionnaire instrument. Data analyzed using chi-square test, α = 0.05. This study stated there is a relationship between personal hygine (p = 0.024 and OR = 7.429), and a history of injury (p = 0.027 and OR = 6.000) with the incidence of leptospirosis