Pasokan Dan Permintaan Tanaman Obat Indonesia Serta Arah Penelitian Dan Pengembangannya

Abstract

Status of Supply and Demand of Indonesian Medicinal Crops and Their Research and Development PrioritiesThere are 31 medicinal crops of Indonesia that are demanded more than 1.000 tones/year for traditional medicine (jamu) industry, spices and export. Some of these crops (18 species) are cultivated and the others (13 species) are harvested directly from their natural habitat, such as forest. Therefore, the intensive effort to supply the demand of the raw material of medicinal plants is needed, especially the medicinal plants which were still harvested from their natural habitat. Based on the supply and demand data, as well as current available cultivation technologies, research and development strategy of medicinal crops in Indonesia can be grouped in 4 classifications. First, for those medicinal crops which are used in large scale, such as ginger, the research priority is to find effective contro measure of bacterial wilt caused by Raltsonia solanacearum. However, for those which can be expanded, such as Curcuma xanthorrhiza (temulawak) and Zingiiber aromaticum (lempunyang wangi), the research priority should be focused on developing high-yielding varieties and cultivation technology for improving yield and lead compounds of the plants. For other crops within this group, diversification of secondary products need to be intensified. Second, to sustain the supply of medicinal crops that grow in small-scale areas, such as coriander, fennel, and long pepper, research on crop improvement and cultivation technologies must be intensified. Third, medicinal plants which are harvested directly from their natural habitat in large scale, such as Pluchea indica (beluntas), Querqus lusitania (majakan), Kaempferia angustifolia (kunci pepet), Sindora sumatrana (seprant)u, and Tinospora tuberculata (brotowali), domestication of these crops should be carried out to fulfill the demand of raw materials, supported by studies on improving plant breeding and their cultivation technologies. Finally, the endanger medicinal plants such as Parkia roxburghii (kedawung, Alyxia reinwardti (pulasari), Alstonia scholaris (pulai), Merremia mammosa (bidara putih), Strychnos lucida (bidara laut), Zingiber cassumunar (bangle), Curcuma heyneana (temu giring), and Terminalia arbereae (joho keling), the research priority is conservation, finding site-specific location for their growth, and cultivation technology