In recent years, research has been carried out to establish standards for the adequate durability performance of reinforced concrete structures, in order to guarantee long service life periods. However, in spite of the studies carried out, no consensus has been reached on how to proceed, with wide and even divergent criteria among the different researchers. This particularity is especially evident in those constructions that are exposed to the impact of the aggressive coastal environment. In the expectation of having our own criteria for Ecuador when conducting research on durability, it is necessary to master the criteria used worldwide, as well as the few experiences in the country. This is precisely the objective of this article, to expose to the scientific community the results of research carried out on the durability performance of reinforced concrete elements, as well as on the deterioration mechanisms of the same in coastal profiles, the criteria used by the international community on the relationship between durability, concrete compressive strength, effective porosity and surface resistivity. For this purpose, using the methods of bibliographic analysis and critique, the results of research by more than fifty authors were evaluated, mainly scientific articles, but also normative specifications, concluding the main aspects that should guide specialists when making decisions on the durability performance of concrete structures subjected to aggressive coastal environments.
Keywords: Durability, coastal aggressiveness, effective porosity, surface resistivity, compressive strength.En los últimos años se han desarrollado investigaciones dirigidas a establecer normativas para el desempeño adecuado por durabilidad de las estructuras de hormigón armado, que posibiliten garantizar plazos elevados de vida útil. Sin embargo, a pesar de los estudios realizados, no se ha llegado a un consenso sobre el proceder, con criterios amplios, e incluso divergentes, entre los diferentes investigadores. Esta particularidad se manifiesta sobre todo en aquellas construcciones que se encuentran expuestas al impacto del ambiente agresivo costero. En espera de contar con criterios propios para Ecuador al realizar las investigaciones relativas a la durabilidad, se hace necesario dominar los criterios manejados a nivel mundial, así como las pocas experiencias del país. Este es precisamente el objetivo del presente artículo, exponer a la comunidad científica los resultados de investigaciones realizadas sobre el desempeño por durabilidad de los elementos de hormigón armado, así como sobre los mecanismos de deterioro de las mismas en perfiles costeros, los criterios manejados por la comunidad internacional sobre la relación existente entre durabilidad, resistencia a compresión del hormigón, porosidad efectiva y resistividad superficial. Para ello, empleando los métodos de análisis y crítica bibliográfica, se evaluaron los resultados de investigaciones de más de cincuenta autores, fundamentalmente artículos científicos, aunque también especificaciones normativas, concluyendo los aspectos principales que deben servir de guía a los especialistas al tomar decisiones sobre el desempeño por durabilidad de las estructuras de hormigón sometidas a ambientes agresivos costeros.
Palabras clave: Durabilidad, agresividad costera, porosidad efectiva, resistividad superficial, resistencia compresión.
Abstract
In recent years, research has been carried out to establish standards for the adequate durability performance of reinforced concrete structures, in order to guarantee long service life periods. However, in spite of the studies carried out, no consensus has been reached on how to proceed, with wide and even divergent criteria among the different researchers. This particularity is especially evident in those constructions that are exposed to the impact of the aggressive coastal environment. In the expectation of having our own criteria for Ecuador when conducting research on durability, it is necessary to master the criteria used worldwide, as well as the few experiences in the country. This is precisely the objective of this article, to expose to the scientific community the results of research carried out on the durability performance of reinforced concrete elements, as well as on the deterioration mechanisms of the same in coastal profiles, the criteria used by the international community on the relationship between durability, concrete compressive strength, effective porosity and surface resistivity. For this purpose, using the methods of bibliographic analysis and critique, the results of research by more than fifty authors were evaluated, mainly scientific articles, but also normative specifications, concluding the main aspects that should guide specialists when making decisions on the durability performance of concrete structures subjected to aggressive coastal environments.
Keywords: Durability, coastal aggressiveness, effective porosity, surface resistivity, compressive strength.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 04 de enero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023
