The purpose of this thesis is the study of Lattice Boltzmann Methods (LBM), applied to multiphase flows. First, general principles of statistical physics and of Lattice Boltzmann Methods are introduced, followed by a historical review about Lattice Gas Automata. A state of the art of the multiphase flow simulation methods is then proposed, with a particular emphasize on diffuse interface methods. In particular, the phase field methods are introduced, and different methods allowing to numerically simulate surface tension are also presented. A second review concerning multiphase flow simulation in a Lattice Boltzmann framework is presented. More precisely, general principals are presented, and the four major methods, Color Gradient, Pseudo-Potential, Free Energy and HCZ, are successively presented. Lattice Boltzmann Methods advanced notions are then introduced, in particular, a Taylor expansion based method that allows to determine Lattice Boltzmann schemes equivalent macroscopic equation is described. A Gradient Color method theoretical study is proposed. First, an original reformulation of the algorithm allowing an improvement in computational efficiency is proposed. The Taylor expansion method is then applied to Gradient Color Method in order to determine the high order error induced by the numerical scheme. This expression allows to demonstrate how the degree of isotropy is essential to the scheme numerical stability. In particular, a numerical operator allowing to introduce an equation of states that differs from the athermal perfect gas equation is proposed. This operator efficiency is illustrated by being applied to academical testcases. The Taylor expansion method is also applied in order to show how the Color Gradient Method allows to solve an Allen-Cahn phase field equation. This theoretical result is then validated numerically. Finally, an original improved version of the Gradient Color Method is proposed. In this method, the efficient formulation and the isotropic Equation of State operator is used, and an original temporal correction term is proposed. This correction term improves the scheme numerical stability and allows to expands the method application range to higher density ratios. Finally, this method is validated through academical testcases
