Gintov, O.

Kutas, R.

Pashkevich, I.

Starostenko, V.

Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal

Наукова електронна бібліотека періодичних видань НАН України (Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine)

		2  !"#$%&'()&**Geodynamicsoflithosphereasoneofthe crucialfactorsofmineraldeposits formationofUkraine? VStarostenkoOGintovRKutasIPashkevich, 2010Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraineearth@igph.kiev.uakutro@ndc.org.uaoleg.gintov@gmail.com; innap@34mail.ruComprehensivestudiesofthelithospherestruc-tureofUkrainehavebeenperformedlatelyattheInstituteofGeophysicsNASUinconnectionwithsolvingtheproblemsofmetallogenydiamond-,gas-andoil-bearing Starostenko et al., 2007ThesestudiesincludedthouroughanalysisofgeologicalgeophysicaldataontectonicsanddeepstructureoftheEarth	scrustanduppermantleplottingthecomprehensivethreedimensionalgeophysicalandgeodynamicmodeloflithospheregeneralizationofglobal experience in application of geophysical, in-cluding tectonophysical, methods for the search andprospecting of different kinds of mineral deposits.Theresultsofstudiesallowdrawingsomeconclu-sionsonthecharacterofgeodynamicprocesseshaving an influence on formation and distribution ofdeposits on the territory of Ukraine.IthasbeenshownbytheexamplesoftheUkrai-nianShieldtheDnieperDonetstheCarpathianandAzovBlackSeaoilgasbearingprovincesthattheregularitiesofformationredistributionandconcen-trationofmineraldepositsare determined in manycases by special features of tectonosphere evolu-tion arising from the mechanisms of global and re-gional movements of lithosphere plates.The Ukrainian Shield (USh). Practically alllarge fault zones of the USh are zones of shift withacute predominance of horizontal component ofbanks displacements [Gintov, 2005]. They werearised in Neo-Archean and Early Proterozoic as rightand left shifts, strike-slip and upthrow faults withamplitude of displacement as kilometers and tensof kilometers and transcending far beyond the li-mits of the Shield. Their roots according to differentgeophysical characteristics are relaited to in themantle up to the depth of ?km and more[Gintov, Pashkevich, 2010]Existence of such an-cient extensive zonesof shift may be only explainedby convective movements in the mantle, which tookplace as early as in Neo-Archeanand Early Pro-terozoic. In Proterozoic numerous fault zones werealso formed as listric ones or gently sloping over-thrust.According to the results of tectonophysical andpaleomagnetic studies of dynamics of lithosphereof the USh a conclusion has been drawn that theShield as a consolidated structure has existed sincethe boundary of 1.8—1.6 Ga. According to paleo-magnetic data [Elming et al., 1998], it existed be-fore and moved autonomously and even earlier, ac-cording to tectonophysical data [Gintov, Pashkevich,2010], it was divided into several megablocks, whichhad their own trajectories of movements.Joint analysis of kinematic and three-dimensionalgeophysical model of the Shield as well as of VP to-mographic model of the mantle up to the depth of850 km [Geyko et al., 2006], allows to correlate theresults of metallogenic studies of fault zones of theUSh with materials of geodynamic reconstructions.Within the limits of the USh more than 75 percent ofknown metallogenic zones, ore areas and ore fieldsbelong to well studied large fault zones. These aremainly the areas of development of mineralization anddeposits of non-ferrous, rare, noble metals, uranium,rare earths et al. [Starostenko et al., 2007].Dnieper-Donets oil-gas province (DDOGP).Numerous oil-gas deposits within non-anticline, theso-called "non-traditional" traps — on monoclines,half-anticlines, sub-thrust zones, within crystallinebasement etc. have been discovered here lately. Themajority of such deposits are related to the frac-tures of fault-, shift and upthrow (shear) fault types.These considerations brought a lot of scientists tothe idea of great perspectives of anorganic hypo-thesis of oil origin and of important role of tangentialforces and horizontal movements of lithosphere information of traps for hydrocarbons.Numerical modeling of the process of the Dnie-per-Donets aulacogene (DDA) formation by theback-stripping method within the limits of continen-tal lithosphere stretching concept of D. McKenzietestifies the possibility of its formation in the Late !"#$%&'()&** 2)+,	-.,/0.1,	0.00,	Devonian by the type of rift basins with formation ofsub-oceanic crust [Stifenson et al., 1997]. Impor-tant role has been proved of shifting processes information of contemporary structure of DDOGP andof many types of oil-gas deposits. The system offaults of the DDA manifested during Alpine time asthe largest right shift, which is the result of super-regional sub-longitudinal contraction, which coveredduring Meso-Cenozoic time the territories of thesouth and south-west of the East-European Plat-form (EEP). The explanation can be found in theknown plate tectonic reconstructions: the pressureon the EEP from the south as a result of move-ments of the African and Arabian plates is passedthrough West-Black Sea and East Black Sea mi-cro-plates [Nikishin et al., 2001; Patalaha et al.,2003; Kazmin et al., 2004].The suture zone of the Donets Folded Structure(DFS) with the south slope of the Voronezh crysta-lline massif (Starobelsk-Millerov monocline) can beconsidered as an example of the influence of theprocesses of compression and shifting upon forma-tion of hydrocarbon deposits. The suture zone isrevealed by the series of over-thrusts of Carbonife-rous-Cretaceous deposits of the DFS upon the mon-ocline — Krasnopopovskiy, Severodonetskiy, Mari-evskiy, Almaznyi, Iliychevskiy and other ones. Here,within the stripe not less than 50 km wide, a wholeset of non-anticline type deposits within the limitsof the monocline itself, in Krasnorechensk and Li-sichansk gas-bearing areas have been discovered[Gintov, 2005; Starostenko et al., 2009].The Carpathian Meso-Cenozoic Oil-Gas Pro-vince (COGP)is characterized by over-thrust struc-ture of the Meso-Cenozoic strata, doubled and tri-pled cross-section of the Cretaceous, Paleogeneand Neogene, is considered by the majority of geo-logists and geophysicists from the positions of platetectonics.According to the data of seismic tomographyhigh-velocity lithosphere of EEP sinks under rela-tively low-velocity mantle of the Volyno-Podolianplate and the Carpathians from the depth of 50 to250—300 km [Geyko et al., 2006].It has been found by geothermic studies [Kutas,2005] that for deposits and the areas of oil-gas ac-cumulation, concentrated within the limits of Pre-Carpathian depression (in this case within the Ex-ternal zone of depression gas and gas-condensatedeposits predominate, and within Internal one — oildeposits), increased temperature and heat flows arespecific. Deposits form two stripes, narrow enoughin zones of Carpatian direction Pre-Carpathian andScole faults which are at a distance of 20—30 kmfrom each other.In the periphery of EEP accumulation of hydro-carbons in the deposits of accretion wedge couldoccur as early as Cretaceous and Paleogene. Du-ring collision stage redistribution of hydrocarbon po-tential occurred.Migrationprocesses influencedessentiallyonhydrodynamicconditions thermalregimephysical parametersof sedimentary strata.Theseparameterscanbeusedfordeterminationofthewaysofmigrationandzoning of oil-gas areas.Withthehelpofnumericaltectonophysicalmo-delingtheconnectionofformationanddistributionofoilgasdepositsCOGPwithplatetectonicmech-anism of region formation has been analyzed Gon-char, 2007PalinspasticsectionsofthefrontalpartoftheFlishCarpathiansandPreCarpathiandepres-sionhavebeencomplitedThey reconstruct the pro-cess of formation of deposits under conditions oflateral accretion and formation of covers in case ofobduction-subduction mechanism and explain zo-ning in distribution of oil and gas deposits withinPre-Carpathian depression.Application of modern geodynamic concepts ofthe Carpathian region formation allows considerablewidening of its perspectives of oil- and gas-bearing.North-western part of the External zone of Pre-Car-pathian depression (Krukenitskaya sub-zone), au-tokhtonous deposits of Folded Carpathians, plat-form Meso-Cenozoic deposits of south-eastern partof External zone under the over-thrust of the FoldedCarpathians, Trans-Carpathian depression are worthto be paid special attention.Azov-Black Sea Oil-Gas Province (ABSOGP).A considerable part of the Province is located withinthe water areas. Therefore analysis of geodynamicprocesses in it is possible only on the backgroundof geodynamic development of the whole Black Sea-Caucasian segment of the Alpine belt.ABSOGP and COGP have got some commongeophysical peculiarities. It allows treating themfrom similar geodynamic positions. ABSOGP ad-joins to the southern tectonic border of EEP andhere, as well as in the COGP, according to the dataof seismic tomography [Geyko et al., 2006] sub-mergence can be observed of relatively high-veloci-ty lithosphere of the Craton under relatively low-velo-city mantle of Dobrogea, Scythian plate, the BlackSea. The studies of geothermal regime of the re-gion shows that oil-gas deposits are localized wi-thin the areas of increased heat flows, forming inthis case two sub-parallel stripes: gas deposits arelocated within the zones of high heat flows and theoil ones — in their periphery. The important role isplayed by tectono-thermal activization in case ofshift displacements of micro-plates [Kutas et al.,2002; 2007].		2%  !"#$%&'()&**For the studies of ABSOGP conditions of forma-tion the main interest belongs to Oligocene-Quater-nary stage, which began 35—40 million years ago.The results of geothermal studies in the region showthat for this period there is strong enough correla-tion between location of oil-gas deposits and ano-malies of heat flow [Kutas et al., 2002; 2007]. Atthis stage the Black Sea — Caucasian region de-velops in the indentor regime under the action ofArabian, Pannonian and Adriatic plates [Patalahaet al., 2003]. In addition, the movement of the BlackSea plate within northern points of compass was ofreverse character that is indicated by tectonophys-ical data on the Crimean peninsula: the phases ofsub-longitudinal contraction was interrupted byshorter phases of even stretching [Gintov, 2005].For promising areas of ABSOGP — north-westernshelf of the Black Sea and the Kerch-Tamanian depres-sion the detailed schemes of fault tectonics of conso-lidated crust have been compile [An integrated …,2006]. They emphasize the leading role of shift defor-mations during formation of fault and fold structures ofthe Meso-Cenozoic cover, to which (especially to theknots of fault crossing) hydrocarbon deposits are re-lated. It has also been found by marine geophysicalstudies that zones of deep faults and neo-tectonic dis-turbances connected with them are the channels ofmigration of gas-fluid flows [Kobolev, Kutas, 1999].ReferencesAn integrated three-dimensional geophysical modelof the lithosphere of the Ukrainian Shield in con-nection with magmatism, tectonics and the forma-tion of minerals // Report of the Institute of Geophys-ics by S.I. Subbotin of NASU / Ed. V. I. Starostenko. —Kiev, 2006. — 510 p. — Fund of UkrNIINTI,  stateregistration 102U002478 (in Russian)Elming S. A., Mikhailova N. P., Kravchenko S. N. TheÑonsolidation of the East European Craton; a Pa-leomagnetic Analysis of Proterozoic Rocks from theUkrainian Shield and Tectonic reconstructions Ver-sus Fennoscandia // Geophys. J. — 1998. — 20, 4. — P. 71—74 (in Russian).Geyko V. S., Shumlanskaya L. A., Bugaenko I. V., Za-yets L. N., Tsvetkova T. A. 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V., Bolotov S. N., Yer-shov A. V. Tectonic history of the Black-sea basin //BMOIP. — 2001. — 76, issue 3. — P. 3—17 (in Rus-sian).Patalakha E. I., Gonchar V. V., Senchenkov I. K., Cher-vinko O. P. Indenter mechanism in geodynamicsof the Crimean-Black-sea region. Forecast of HCand seismic hazard. — Kiev: Publishing house PP"EMKO", 2003. — 226 p. (in Russian). V intov O B I K	k T K S N P Ya I BOy M Ia T. 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Geodynamics of lithosphere as one of the crucial factors of mineral deposits formation of Ukraine

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Geodynamics of lithosphere as one of the crucial factors of mineral deposits formation of Ukraine

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