Chagas, Juana

Danielsson, Rebecca

Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, Anni

Krizsan, Sophie

Ramin, Mohammad

Schnürer, Anna

Singh, Abhijet

English

Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto

https://helda.helsinki.fiEffects on rumen microbiome and milk quality of dairy cowssupplemented the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis in agrass silage-based dietKrizsan, SophieSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)2022Krizsan , S , Ramin , M , Chagas , J , Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau , A , Singh , A , Schnürer, A & Danielsson , R 2022 , Effects on rumen microbiome and milk quality of dairy cowssupplemented the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis in a grass silage-based diet . inProceedings of the 11th Nordic Feed Science Conference, Uppsala, Sweden . RapportSveriges lantbruksuniversitet Institutionen för husdjurens utfodring och vård , no. 306 ,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Uppsala , Nordic Feed ScienceConference , Uppsala , Sweden , 22/08/2022 .http://hdl.handle.net/10138/352677unspecifiedpublishedVersionDownloaded from Helda, University of Helsinki institutional repository.This is an electronic reprint of the original article.This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail.Please cite the original version.  Ruminant nutrition Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Feed Science Conference                                                         107  Effects on rumen microbiome and milk quality of dairy cows supplemented the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis in a grass silage-based diet S.J. Krizsan1, M. Ramin1, J.C.C. Chagas1, A. Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau2, A. Singh3, A. Schnürer3 & R. Danielsson4 1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, 90183, Umeå, Sweden, 2Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland, 3Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden, 4Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition & Management, Box 7024, 753 23 Uppsala, Sweden.  Correspondence: sophie.krizsan@slu.se Introduction The globally increasing cattle population contribute to the total antrophogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Methane (CH4) emission from cattle is part of a cycle, but contributes to global heating because of the much greater heating effect of CH4 compared to carbon dioxide. However, when CH4 composes to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere it suggestively does not contribute to further increase because it will be bound to vegetation in near future. This implies that reduced CH4 emissions will lead to a drop in average global temperature (Sterner and Johansson, 2017). The red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) has been shown to be a strong natural inhibitor of ruminal CH4 formation (Machado et al., 2016). Stefenoni et al. (2021) decreased CH4 emissions in lactating dairy cows by 80% by inclusion of AT at 0.5% of DM intake. Important factors to consider when using algea supplemented feed is the rumen microbiome and the milk quality, which were not assessed in the previous studies. The objective of this study was thus to assess these parameters combined with level of CH4 reduction and feed digestibility after the addition of ATto diets of dairy cows. Material and methods Six Nordic Red cows at 122 ± 13.7 (mean ± SD) days in milk, parity 2.7 ± 0.52 and producing 36 ± 2.5 kg milk/d at the start of the trial were blocked by milk yield, and assigned to an extra period Latin square change-over design (Lucas, 1957) comprising two dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were either a diet consisting of grass silage and a commercial concentrate mixture (50:50) not supplemented or supplemented with 0.5% of Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) on OM intake basis. Recordings of CH4 and hydrogen production with the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA), feed intake and milk yield were made the last week of every 3 week period. Milk samples were collected and subjected to sensory, composition and milk fatty acid analysis. Diet digestibility was measured by faecal spot sampling with indigestible NDF as an internal marker. Rumen fluid samples were collected for microbiome and volatile fatty acid composition analysis. Milk samples, rumen fluid and faecal samples were also analyzed for bromoform content, and milk samples additionally iodine and bromine content.  Bacterial library preparation and sequencing was performed by Novogene with total DNA extracted using TIAN amp Stool DNA Kit. For archaeal library, DNA was extracted with the FastDNA™ Spin kit for soil (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, USA) according to Singh (2020). Archaeal amplicon sequencing was performed by the SNP&SEQ Platform. Illumina MiSeq sequencing with v3 chemistry and paired end reads (2x 300 bp) was used for both bacterial and archaeal amplicon libraries.  Ruminant nutrition  108                                                         Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Feed Science Conference  Experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance using the GLM procedure in SAS (SAS Inc. 2002-2003, Release 9.4 SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA) by applying a model correcting for effect of period, cow within square and experimental dietary treatment. Potential carry-over effects on all traits were evaluated by including a residual effect in the model described above. There were no significant (P ≥ 0.22) residual effects for any traits evaluated, and the effect was not included in the final analysis.  Results and Discussion AT supplementation decreased CH4 production on average by 60%, dry matter intake by 2.8 kg/d, and ECM by 1.9 kg/d compared to cows fed the non-supplemented control diet (Table 1). The decrease in ECM was caused by lower milk fat yield for cows fed AT, and was in agreement with the shift in rumen fermentation from acetate to propionate. Except for the observed effect on milk fat yield, these results are in agreement with a previous study investigating an AT supplemented diet fed to dairy cows (Stefenoni et al. 2021). Moreover, also in line with Stefenoni et al. (2021), the present study observed an increase in milk iodine and bromine, and no change in bromoform in milk. Sensory test results did not reveal any quality changes and there were only minor changes in milk fatty acid composition when diets were supplemented with AT (results not presented).  Table 1 Effect of supplementation of Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) compared to a grass-silage based diet (Control) on ruminal production of methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2), dry matter intake (DMI), energy corrected milk (ECM), milk quality parameters and digestion   Item1 Control AT  SEM P-value CH4, g/d 383 154 30.2 <0.01 CH4, g/kg DMI 19.0 9.2 1.47 <0.01 CH4, g/kg ECM 11.6 5.1 0.79 <0.01 H2, g/d 0.9 5.0 0.44 <0.01 DMI, kg/d 20.3 17.5 0.42 <0.01 Organic matter digestibility, g/kg 764 760 4.0  0.51 Neutral detergent fibre digestibility, g/kg 656 646 4.8  0.17 ECM, kg/d 33.3 31.4 0.58  0.05 Milk fat, g/d 1399 1280 32.8  0.03 Milk bromine, mg/L 5.1 43.2 2.70 <0.01 Milk iodine, µg/L 139 2105 146.2 <0.01 Milk bromoform, µg/kg  4.09 4.92 0.712  0.44 Rumen acetate, mmol/mol 62.9 55.2 0.83 <0.01 Rumen propionate, mmol/mol 20.4 25.9 0.68 <0.01 Rumen butyrate, mmol/mol 12.0 14.2 0.28 <0.01  The archaeal community was mainly represented by two different phyla (Figure 1a). The relative abundance of Methanobacteriota was lower (P=0.05) in diets with AT than in Control (29.9 vs. 58,8 %, respectively). Methanobrevibacter is dominating in Methanobacteriota and has been linked to ruminal production of CH4. The relative abundance of Thermoplasmatota was numerically higher (P=0.08) in diets with AT than in Control (66.2 vs. 40.3%, respectively). Themoplasmatota was mainly represented by a genus belonging to the family   Ruminant nutrition Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Feed Science Conference                                                         109  Methanomethylophilaceae. Not much is known about this archaeal group but members within this family use methyl groups, instead of H2, for CH4 production and these methylotrophs have been associated with reduced CH4 emissions from the rumen (Poulsen et al., 2013). The bacterial population was repesented by 44 different phyla, with 17 phyla found across all samples (Figure 1b).    Figure 1. Relative abundance of all sequences at phyla level for archaea (A) and bacteria (B) in cows fed diets with inclusion of Asparogopsis taxiformis (AT) or without (Control).  Conclusions Milk energy output was decreased by 5.7% and CH4 production by 60 % when cows were fed AT. The AT treatment had a tendency to effect the archaeal population with a decrease in relative abundance of Methanobacteriota. The most prominent change in milk quality were the increases in bromine and iodine when the diets were supplemented with AT.  Acknowledgements We appreciate the fund provided by FACCE ERA-GAS and FORMAS.  References Machado, L., Magnusson, M., Nicholas, A.P., Kinley, R., deNys, R. & Tomkins N., 2016. Dose-response effects of Asparagopsis taxiformis and Oedogonium sp. On in vitro fermentation and methane production. J. Appl. Phy. 28, 1443-1452. Poulsen, M., Schwab, C., Jensen, B.B., Engberg, R.M., Spang, A., Canibe, N., Højberg, O., Milinovich, G., Fragner, L., Schleper, C. & Weckwerth, W., 2013. Methylotrophic methanogenic Thermoplasmata implicated in reduced methane emissions from bovine rumen. Nature Comm., 4, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2432. Singh, A., 2020. Genomic DNA Extraction from Anaerobic Digester Samples. Protocols.io, protocol ID: 37580. Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bgxkjxkw (accessed January 10 , 2022). Stefenoni, H.A., Räisänen, S.E., Cueva, S.F., Wasson, D.E., Lage, C.F.A., Melgar, A., Fetter, M.E., Smith, P., Hennessy, M., Vecchiarelli, B., Bender, J., Pitta, D., Cantrell, C.L., Yarish, C. & Hristov A.N., 2021. Effects of the macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis and oregano leaves on methane emission, rumen fermentation, and lactational performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 104, 4157-4173. 

Effects on rumen microbiome and milk quality of dairy cows supplemented the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis in a grass silage-based diet

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Effects on rumen microbiome and milk quality of dairy cows supplemented the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis in a grass silage-based diet

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