To improve the management of depressive states, it is essential to develop preclinical behavioural models for the characterisation of both conventional and new antidepressant agents. This need is illustrated in this article with two very different classes of antidepressant agents, serotonin and/or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonists. Their effects are evaluated in rodent models of (i) the detection of potential antidepressant activity via marble-burying behaviour in mice; (ii) drug discrimination procedures in rats (mechanistic); and (iii) the evaluation of potential activity on co-morbid symptoms, such as anxiety, via the social recognition test in rats and gerbils. It is concluded that behavioural assays offer a palette of techniques for the characterisation of clinically active antidepressants as well as for innovative (acting on new targets) or improved (multi-target) antidepressants. Nevertheless, for antidepressants of the future, as for established antidepressants, feedback from clinical trials are awaited to confirm the predictive value of these models
