Official variety tests provide one and well organized data source for model validation. Someinformation of official variety testing experiments of forage crops in Finland and Sweden ispresented in this paper. Information of the testing progamme procedure and of the latestresults are available for example in the publications of Dryler 2012, Halling 2012, Kangas et al.2012 and Nesheim and Langerud 2013

Halling, Magnus

Jauhiainen, Lauri

Nesheim, Lars

Niemeläinen, Oiva

Niskanen, M

Thorvaldsson, Gudni

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24  Nordic Forage Model Applications – predicting forage yield and quality in a variable and changing climate   NJF Seminar 455, 30-31 January, Forssa     Magnus Halling1, Markku Niskanen2, Lauri Jauhiainen2, Oiva Niemeläinen2, Lars Nesheim3 and Gudni Thorvaldsson4   1 SLU Crop Production Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden 2 MTT Agrifood Research Finland 3 Bioforsk Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Stjordal, Norway  4 Agricultural University of Iceland   Official variety tests provide one and well organized data source for model validation. Some information of official variety testing experiments of forage crops in Finland and Sweden is presented in this paper. Information of the testing progamme procedure and of the latest results are available for example in the publications of Dryler 2012, Halling 2012, Kangas et al. 2012 and Nesheim and Langerud 2013.    Number of trial sites and number of tested cultivars in Finland, Norway and Sweden Table 1 gives a summary of the available variety testing data in Finland, Norway and Sweden. Background information of fertilizer application and soil type are saved for each trial. Number of cultivars by species in testing series is only given for timothy.  Table 1. Overview of recorded variety testing data   Finland Norway Sweden* Data record start from year 1972 1988 1955 Total number of trials sites  21 10 26 Number of trial sites in 2012 8 9 3(11)** Age of stand (harvest years) 1-3 1-3 1-3 Number of cuts per season 2-3 2-4 2-3 Number of timothy cultivars tested over the years 191 96 185 Number of timothy cultivars in  2012 tests 18 15 21 Number of species in 2012 5 (7) 7 11 Southern most location, coordinates 60o23 N 58o47 N 55°54´N  Data sources for model validation – variety testing data from Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden  25  Nordic Forage Model Applications – predicting forage yield and quality in a variable and changing climate   NJF Seminar 455, 30-31 January, Forssa    Northern most location, coordinates 66o34 N 69o40 N 60°53´N Range in altitude, m 6 - 106 10-550 4-180 Number of replicates 3-4 3 3-4 Most common plot size 1,5 x 10 m 1,5 x 7 m 1,5 x 8 m Plotvise data available 1998-2012 1988-2012 1999-2012 *South and middle Sweden; ** Three basic sites and total with additional sites in brackets  Characteristics recorded   Table 2. Variables recorded  Finland Norway Sweden Ground cover in spring x x x Winter damage percentage x   Date of heading x  x* Date of 1st cut x x x* Date of each cut x x x* Date of final cut x x x* Botanical percentage of sown species  x x x DM percentage at cut x x x DM yield at cut x x x Total DM yield per season x x x Quality characteristics (from 2000)  X2  *Data are available on digital media from 1999. Earlier data are mainly on paper. 2 Only in first year of ley  Data available from Iceland  In Iceland several experiments have been carried out during the last 60 years at the Agricultural University of Iceland with at least 6 species. The results are found either in paper reports or data files. These files are of different types with no standard system. Trials are usually cut twice a year for a three year period. Yield data and dates of harvests are available. Registration of winter survival is usually carried out. Weather observations are available from Korpa and some weather variables from the other locations. Data is available to be used for model testing but it will require work to collect them and put them into right format.     26  Nordic Forage Model Applications – predicting forage yield and quality in a variable and changing climate   NJF Seminar 455, 30-31 January, Forssa    Type of data storage and  weather data Variety testing results are recorded in a data bank. In Finland Oracle based system is used. In Sweden results are at: http://www.slu.se/faltforsk  Weather data records are good in the Nordic countries and possibilities to connect weather data – especially temperature and precipitation – to cultivar testing data  are quite comprehensive. However, some important parameter information like radiation data is available only for a very few locations. Table 3. Weather data available for each trial site Weather data Finland Norway* Sweden daily mean temp x x x daily minimum  x x x daily max x x x degree days x x x radiation From Jokioinen  x x * In Norway weather data available from 7 testing sites.  Weather data are in Sweden available at the Field Research Unit (http://www.slu.se/faltforsk).  Suggestions how to  improve usefulness of variety testing system  for model development and validation  Variety testing is designed for testing cultivar performance in relation to other cultivars. The testing has to be cost efficient. The testing does not provide so detailed information of specific parameters which would be important for model validation. These special measurements could be carried out on certain sites for a certain period of time and of limited number of cultivars  – e.g. of one standard cultivar of each species. This extra work should be funded by special funding allocated for this purpose. The variety trial system would take care of the  basic experimental work load and this way the approach would be cost efficient. The existing variety testing data has already been utilized as invaluable data source in several research studies. In Sweden special  projects have been carried out to produce additional information of variety trials e.g. yield stability of Festulolium and perennial ryegrass  (Halling 2012). Which parameters,  from how many sites and for how long period of time should be discussed and decided by modeling experts and cultivar testing personnel, and additional funding should be applied for that task.    27  Nordic Forage Model Applications – predicting forage yield and quality in a variable and changing climate   NJF Seminar 455, 30-31 January, Forssa     References Dryler, K. 2012. Sortprovning 2011 vallgräs och vallbaljväxter. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Institutionen for norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap. Nytt nr 5. 2012. 4 p. Available: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8625/7/dryler_k_120312_5.pdf  Halling, M. 2012a Vallväxter till slåtter och bete samt grönfoderväxter. Sortval för södra och mellersta Sverige 2012/2013 (Forage species for cutting, grazing and green fodder Varieties for south and central Sweden 2012/2013). Version 2012-09-10. Växtproduktionsekologi. Uppsala. Available: http://www.ffe.slu.se/FFE/Info/sortvall.htm   Halling, M. 2012b. Yield stability of Festulolium and perennial ryegrass  in southern and central Sweden. Grassland Science in Europe. 17: 114-116.  Kangas, A., Laine, A., Niskanen, M., Salo, Y., Vuorinen, M., Jauhiainen L., Nikander, H. 2012. Virallisten lajikekokeiden tulokset 2004-2011. MTT Kasvu 18: 170 s. 2. korjattu painos.  Web publication updated. 27.3.2012. Available: http://www.mtt.fi/mttkasvu/pdf/mttkasvu18a.pdf  Nesheim, L.  & A. Langerud. 2013. Resultater av offisiell verdiprøving i fôrvekster 2012 Results from the official variety testing in fodder crops 2012. A. Sorter som er ferdig testet. A. Varieties that have completed the testing program. Bioforsk Rapport – Bioforsk Report. Vol.  8 Nr. 6. 2013. 94 p. Available: http://www.bioforsk.no/ikbViewer/page/tjenester/publikasjoner/publikasjon?p_document_id=102169     

Data sources for model validation – variety testing data from Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden

Niskanen, Markku

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Data Sources for model validation - variety testing data from Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden

http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11175/11/halling_etal_140603.pdf

Data sources for model validation – variety testing data from Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden

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