Total electron detachment and charge transfer cross sections, \sigma\sb{\rm e}(E) and \sigma\sb{\rm ct}(E), have been measured for collisions of the negative ions O\sp{-}, S\sp{-}, F\sp{-}, Cl\sp{-}, Br\sp{-}, I\sp{-}, Na\sp{-}, and K\sp{-} with atomic hydrogen for laboratory energies ranging from 2 to 500 eV. For the systems F\sp{-}, Cl\sp{-}, Br\sp{-}, O\sp{-} and S\sp{-} + H, \sigma\sb{\rm e}(E) displays no barrier for associative detachment; the results are found to be adequately described by simple curve-crossing models based upon available intermolecular potentials, or by classical orbiting models which assume that the anion interacts with the H atom via an attractive potential of the form 1/R\sp4. Analysis of \sigma\sb{\rm e}(E) for the system S\sp{-} + H required the cross section for \rm S\sp{-} + H\sb2\to e +\... to be experimentally determined, and these results resolved an apparent discrepancy in previous measurements. The measured detachment cross section for the Cl\sp{-}+ H is also found to be in agreement with a calculation for that system based on the effective range potential model. Unlike the other halogen anion-hydrogen systems, \sigma\sb{\rm e}(E) for I\sp{-} + H is found to increase with increasing energy over the higher collision energies investigated. The cross section for charge transfer in collisions of O\sp{-} S\sp{-}, F\sp{-}, Cl\sp{-}, Br\sp{-} and I\sp{-} with atomic hydrogen is found to be less than 1 A\sp2 over the entire range of laboratory energies investigated. A reasonable extrapolation of \sigma\sb{\rm ct}(E) for collisions of O\sp{-} + H is found to agree with a previous measurement at a higher collision energy. For the collision systems K\sp{-} and Na\sp{-} + H, \sigma\sb{\rm ct}(E) is found to be much smaller than \sigma\sb{\rm e}(E). The measured detachment cross section for Na\sp{-} + H is described using available potential energy curves and by assigning the anion state an average lifetime in the unstable region. A perturbed stationary state calculation of \sigma\sb{\rm ct}(E) for the reactant Na\sp{-} is performed, and this calculation underestimates the observed cross section for charge transfer at low collision energies
