Popular culture as a framework for storytelling in the novels Bend sinister, Lolita and Pnin by Vadimir Nabokov Популярная культура как основа рассказывания в романах Под знаком незаконнорождённых, Лолита и Пнин Владимира Набокова

Abstract

Rad se fokusira na tri romana koje je Vladimir Nabokov napisao u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, U znaku nezakonito rođenih (1947), Lolita (1955) i Pnin (1957). Cilj rada je prikazati fenomen popularne kulture kao zajednički okvir i bitan faktor za nastanak i razvoj priče u svakom od ovih romana. Posmatrajući popularnu kulturu kao pokretač radnje skreće se pažnja na aspekte kao što su aktuelna socio-politička i socio-kulturna pitanja, građenje likova i razumevanje uzroka njihovog ponašanja. Takođe, naglašava se uloga književnosti kao koncepta od značaja kako za čuvanje, tako i za prenošenje značenja u okviru popularne kulture. Pored toga, u radu se objašnjava zašto je pitanje popularne kulture i danas relevantno i ukazuje se na činjenicu da upravo zbog toga svi ovde pomenuti romani zavređuju podjednaku pažnju, a ne samo Lolita koja je najčešće prva asocijacija kada se pomene ime Vladimira Nabokova. Koristeći se relevantnom teorijskom građom i ukrštajući je sa primerima iz romana, uz adekvatno komentarisanje odabranih ilustrativnih primera, nastoji se da se analiziraju elementi popularne kulture poput ideologije, masovne proizvodnje i potrošnje, odnosa prema obrazovanju, rodne ravnopravnosti, rodnih stereotipa, načina provođenja slobodnog vremena, značaja razvoja različitih vidova masovnih medija za širenje uticaja popularne kulture. Na ovaj način pruža se bliži uvid u sam pojam i način funkcionisanja mehanizma popularne kulture koji pre svega počiva na izazivanju želje za proizvodima koje stvara kod velikog broja ljudi. Takođe, pruža se i dobar razlog za detaljnije proučavanje Nabokovljevog života i motivacije koja prethodi nastanku ovih romana, što je jedan od preduslova za kritički pristup odnosno njihovo adekvatno razumevanje.The focus of the paper is on three novels written by Vladimir Nabokov in the United States of America, Bend Sinister (1947), Lolita (1955) and Pnin (1957). The aim of the paper is to present the phenomenon of popular culture as a common framework and an essential factor for the origin and development of the story in each of these novels. Considering that popular culture is the plot initiator, attention is drawn to aspects such as current socio-political and socio-cultural issues, character building, and understanding of the causes of their behavior. Also, the role of literature as a concept of importance for the preservation and transmission of meaning within popular culture is emphasized. In addition, the paper explains why the issue of popular culture is still relevant today, and points to the fact that this is why all the novels mentioned here deserve equal attention, not just Lolita, which is often the first association when the name of Vladimir Nabokov is mentioned. Using relevant theoretical material and crossing it with examples from novels, with adequate commentary on selected illustrative examples, the paper seeks to analyze elements of popular culture such as ideology, mass production and consumption, attitudes toward education, gender equality, gender stereotypes, leisure activities, the importance of developing various forms of mass media to spread the influence of popular culture. This method provides a closer look at the very notion and mechanism of popular culture which primarily rests on the desire for products that it creates with a large number of people. It also provides a good reason for a more detailed study of Nabokov's life and the motivation that precedes the emergence of these novels, which is one of the prerequisites for a critical approach, or an adequate understanding of them