U ovom radu smo se bavili istraživanjem posebne, marginalizovane
populacije – neuračunljivim i smanjeno uračunljivim licima. O ovim smo licima, koja
su, barem kada je riječ o našoj naučnoj produkciji, u značajnoj mjeri zapostavljena,
sliku stvarali na osnovu teorijske analize i empirijskog istraživanja, koje je bilo
usmjeravano osnovnim nalazima prethodne. U prvom dijelu studije smo se bavili
teorijskom analizom pitanja koja okružuju neuračunljivost iz longitudinalne
perspektive, a drugom smo dali nalaze našeg istraživanja kojim smo obuhvatili
rezidente Specijalne zatvorske bolnice u Beogradu. Kada je riječ o teorijskim
paradigmama, valja kazati da su o ovim licima najpozvanije da govore psihijatrija i
pravo. No, integrativni pristup ovoj problematici manjka, te smo, da bismo stekli sliku
o tretmanu oboljelih opasnih po društvo, dali prikaz čitavog niza psihijatrijskih i
pravnih shvatanja o neuračunljivima: uzrocima bolesti i opasnosti, te njihovom
tretmanu. Nalazi teorijske analize su nedvosmisleno ukazali na nizak društveni,
institucionalni i porodični položaj ovih lica, koji se može opisati kao – izolovanost.
Ovi nalazi su bili naročito usmjeravajući za drugi, empirijski dio studije, u kojoj smo
se bavili istraživanjem sociopatoloških profila i tretmana štićenika zatvorske
psihijatrijske bolnice u Beogradu. Istraživanje je teklo u dvije faze. U prvoj smo se
bavili kvantitativnom, a u drugoj produbljenom, kvalitativnom analizom priča o naših
sagovornika. Najprije smo pristupili prikupljanju i analizi podatka iz službene
dokumentacije oboljelih lica (N=234) koja su se u vrijeme istraživanja nalazila u
zatvorskoj bolnici. U drugoj fazi smo izdvojili 50 ispitanika čije su žrtve članovi
porodica, a važan uvidu u tretman i položaj oboljelih su nam dali njihovi čuvari
(komandiri), ordinirajući psihijatri, socijalne radnice i psiholog. Glavni cilj
istraživanja je bio deskripitivni: da opišemo sociopatološke profile i tretman ovih lica.
Opise smo zasnovali na trima dimenzija tzv. sociološke tipologije: 1. na ličnim ili
antropološkim; 2. patološkim odlikama; 3. te na statusima: porodičnom i
institucionalnom, o čemu su nam sa svoje strane lični uvid dali naši sagovornici –
ispitanici. U istraživanju smo koristili nekoliko metoda za prikupljanje i analizu
podataka. Riječ je o analizi sadržaja, polustrukturisanom intervjuu i posmatranju,
kome smo dali mjesto pomoćnog metoda. Nalaze smo analizirali koristeći statistički
metod i već pomenutu narativnu analizu. Neke od hipoteza koje smo provjeravali u
istraživanju, kao što su ona o izuzetnoj zastupljenosti porodične disfunkcionalnosti, o
niskom porodičnom i institucionalnom položaju, i konačno, o nekim kriminološko kliničkim odlikama ove populacije, stoje...This paper deals with a special, marginalized population group – insane
and semi-insane individuals. The image about those persons, who are, at least at home
science circles, notably ignored, was created on basis of theoretical analyses and
empirical research that was directed by the results of the former. The first part of the
paper discusses the theoretical analyses of issues concerning insanity from a
longitudinal perspective, whilst the second part contains results of our research
conducted on residents of Special Penitentiary Hospital in Belgrade. In view of
theoretical paradigms it may be said that the most competent to reason about those
individuals are psychiatric and law experts. However, integrative approach to this
particular issue is deficient and, to be able to create an image about treatment of
dangerous to society mentally ill, we gathered a number of psychiatry and law related
comprehension of the insane: causes of disease and dangers from, as well as
treatment. The findings have, no doubt, revealed the low social, institutional and
family status of those individuals that may be described as – isolation. These facts
had been a guiding point for the second, empirical part of the research which studied
sociopath profile and treatment of detainees in Belgrade penitentiary psychiatric
hospital. The research was divided into two phases. In the first phase a quantitative
analyses was conducted, while the second consisted of a qualitative analyses of
stories told by our interviewees. Firstly, the information pertaining to the official
documentation on the mentally ill (N=23) who were presently serving their sentence
at the penitentiary hospital was gathered and analysed. In the second phase we singled
out 50 individuals whose victims were their family members. Insight into their
treatment and status was provided by their guards (commanders), clinical
psychiatrists, social worker and the psychologist. The main aim of the research was
descriptive: that is to describe sociopath profiles and treatment of those individuals.
The descriptions were based on three dimensions of so-called sociological typology:
1. personal or anthropological; 2. pathological; and 3. status: family and institutional
as experienced by our interviewees – respondents. Several methods of collecting and
analysing data were used for the research purposes. That is content analyses, semistructured
interview and observation as a supporting point. The findings were analysed by statistical method and previously mentioned narrative analyses..
