Heemstra, Marius

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Proceedings - University of Groningen

   University of GroningenHow Rome's administration of the Fiscus Judaicus accelerated the parting of the waysbetween Judaism and ChristianityHeemstra, MariusIMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordPublication date:2009Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Heemstra, M. (2009). How Rome's administration of the Fiscus Judaicus accelerated the parting of theways between Judaism and Christianity: rereading 1 Peter, Revelation, the Letter to the Hebrews, and theGospel of John in their Roman and Jewish contexts. s.n.CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 11-12-2022  261 Index of Ancient Sources   HEBREW BIBLE  Exodus   22.27 (LXX): 49   22.28: 49   30.12-15: 14   30.13: 7   31.18-32.35: 173  Deuteronomy   5.26: 167   32.43 (LXX): 46  Joshua:   3.10: 167  2 Samuel   22.50 (LXX): 46  Nehemiah   10.32: 7   Psalms   17.50 (LXX): 46   42.3: 167   82.1: 44   110.1: 152, 154, 156, 173   110.4: 154-155, 156, 173   116.1 (LXX): 46  Isaiah   2.20 (LXX): 49   11.10 (LXX): 46   44.9 (LXX): 49    Jeremiah   15.2: 131   31.31-34: 156, 173-174, 176   43.11: 131 NEW TESTAMENT  Matthew   8.5-13: 66   10.17: 68, 127, 185   16.16: 167   17.24-27: 68   21.25: 192   23.24: 68, 127, 185   26.63: 167  Mark   11.30-31: 192   12.18: 191   13.9: 68, 127, 185  Luke   6.22: 185   7.1-10: 66   12.11: 68, 127, 185   20.4-5: 192   21.12: 68, 127, 185  John   1: 166, 201   1.1-18: 191, 201   1.10-11: 202   1.14: 201   1.17: 166, 191   1.17-18: 201   1.41: 202   1.45: 202   1.47: 202   1.49: 202   4.9: 210-211   4.22: 204, 210-211   5.18: 203   5.39-47: 203   8.12-59: 193   262   8.42-47: 203-204   8.44: 193   9: 206   9.16: 204   9.22: 198-199, 204   9.28-29: 204   9.33: 204   10.22-39: 193   11.48-50: 207-208   12.10-11: 200   12.42: 198-199, 209   14-17: 202   15-17: 206   15.18-19: 202   16.2: 198-199, 208-209   17.14: 202   18.14: 208  Acts   7: 166   9.1-2: 127   9.13: 156   9.32: 156   9.41: 156   10.2: 66   10.28: 66   11.26: 98    13.15: 152   13.16: 46    13.26: 46   13.44-52: 127   14.1-7: 127   14.15: 48-49    14.19: 127   15: 47, 67   15.1: 65   15.5: 65   15.19: 47   15.20: 47   15.29: 47   16.1-3: 161   16.3: 165   16.21: 52   17.5-9: 127   17.7: 52   17.13: 127   17.14-15: 161   17.17: 46   18: 218   18.2: 100   18.4: 46   18.5: 161   18.12-17: 51-55, 65, 85, 93, 101,                    208   19.22: 161   19.25-34: 50, 65, 85   19.26: 218   19.33-34: 218   20.4: 161   21.18-26: 67   21.21: 65   21.25: 67   21.27-36: 127   21.28: 66   22.19: 127, 185   23.8: 191   26.10: 156   26.11: 127, 185   26.28: 98  Romans   1.7: 156   12.13: 156   13: 58   13:1-7: 58   15.7-12: 46   15.25-26: 156   16.15: 156   16.21: 161        263 1 Corinthians   1.2: 156   4.17: 161   5.11: 67   6.1-2: 156   7.18: 68   12.2: 48   15.9: 57, 185   16.10: 161   16.15: 156  2 Corinthians   1.1: 156, 161   1.19: 161   3.3: 167   6.16: 167   9.1: 156   11.24: 55, 68, 127, 185   13.12: 156  Galatians   1.13: 57   2.1-14: 65-66   2.11-18: 215   4.8: 48   6.12-13: 65  Ephesians   1.1: 156   1.15: 156   6.18: 156  Philippians   1.1: 161   2.19: 161   4.22: 156    Colossians   1.1: 161   1.4: 156   1.26: 156 1 Thessalonians   1.1: 161   1.9: 47-48   2.14: 185   2.14-16: 57    3.1-6: 161  2 Thessalonians   1.1: 161  1 Timothy   1.2: 161   1.18: 161   6.20: 161  2 Timothy   1.2: 161  Philemon   1.1: 161   1.5: 156   3.6: 57  Hebrews   1: 166, 191   1.1-4: 153   1.2: 169   1.3: 154   2.1: 158   2.1-3: 153   2.2: 153, 192   2.17: 153-154   3: 166   3.1: 153   3.3: 174, 191   3.3a: 154   3.5-6: 154   3.12-14: 154   3.14: 167   4.14-15: 153   5.5: 153   264   5.10: 153, 170   5.11-12: 155   5.12: 156, 169   6.1-2: 167   6.1-6: 155   6.4-6: 158   6.6: 158   6.9-10: 155    6.20: 153   7.11-12: 156   7.22: 158   7.26: 153   7.28: 153   8.1: 153   8.1-13: 188-189   8.6: 158   8.6-7: 174   8.6-9: 157   8.6-13: 156   8.8-12: 173   8.13: 156-157, 174   9.11: 153   9.14: 167   9.24-26: 157   9.25: 153   10.21: 153   10.23-25: 158   10.25: 174-176   10.26-31: 158   10.31: 167   10.32-34: 69, 150-151, 158-159,                   163-166, 175-176   10.35-39: 159   11: 159, 173, 175   11.39-40: 159   12.1-4: 159-160   12.2: 154   12.4: 163, 166, 176   12.22: 167   13.3: 160   13.12-14: 160   13.22: 152   13.22-25: 160-161   13.23: 165    13.24: 156, 163, 169-170  James   1.1: 145    1 Peter   1.6: 56   1.14-20: 103, 127   1.18: 48, 56-57, 103   2.12: 56, 105   2.11-17: 104   2.12: 105   2.13-17: 58   2.15: 105   2.23: 105   3.9: 105   3.13: 105   3.15: 105   3.16: 105   4.3-4: 103, 127   4.3-5: 103   4.4: 105   4.13-16: 105   4.16: 98   5.5: 153   5.8-9: 105   5.9: 56, 106, 113, 127   5.13: 56, 106  1 John   5.21: 48  Revelation   1.9: 130-132   1.19: 142   2-3: 117, 134-144, 147, 168   2.6: 141   2.9: 136-140, 193   265   2.10: 140   2.14: 67, 141   2.15: 141   2.20: 67, 141   3.4: 141-143   3.9: 136-140, 144, 193   6.9-11: 130   7: 117, 144-147, 193   7.1-8: 188-189   7.2: 167   7.4-8: 145   7.9: 144, 146   7.14: 144, 146   11: 121   11.1-2: 121   11.1-13: 120   13: 58, 140   13.7: 156   13.9-10: 131   13.10: 141-142, 156   13.15: 32, 88, 131   14.9-11: 32, 141   14.12: 156   17.3: 118   17.9: 118   17.9-14: 120-124   18.24: 130   20.4: 32, 88, 131-132, 140-141  OLD TESTAMENT  PSEUDEPIGRAPHA  2 Baruch   10.1-3: 117   11.1: 117   67.7: 117  4 Ezra   3.1-2: 117   3.28-31: 117  JOSEPHUS  Against Apion   2.77-78: 58   2.148: 52   2.196-197: 58   2.211: 42   2.237: 49  Jewish Antiquities   3.8.2: 7   4.207: 49   16.45.164: 23   16.160-174: 24   16.163-164: 23   18.1.4: 191   18.63-64: 110   18.64: 98   19.290: 7, 48, 50, 52, 85, 101, 127,                 190, 197   Jewish War   2.18.14: 191   2.197: 58   6.4.6-7: 121   7.10: 15   7.47-62: 34   7.50-51: 63   7.218: 8-11, 69, 86-87, 172, 196   7.219: 9-10  PHILO  De Monarchia   2.3: 7  De Spec.  Leg.   1.53: 49   1.77-78: 23     266 De Vita Mosis   2.205: 49  Legatio   156-157: 23   157: 23, 58   216: 23   232: 58   291: 23     312-316: 23   314-315: 24   317: 58   356: 58  Questions and Answers on Exodus   2.2: 45  MISHNAH  Ma’aser Sheni    5.9: 83   Shabbath    16.8: 83   Erubin   4.2: 83   Shekalim   1: 14   3: 14   6: 14  Sanhedrin   10.1: 91-92, 190-192, 201, 211, 232  TOSEFTA  Abodah Zarah   84  BABYLONIAN TALMUD  Berakhot   28bf: 180, 214  Sukkah    23a: 83-84   41b: 83-84  Abodah Zarah,    10b-11a: 84  JERUSALEM TALMUD  Sukkah    2.4.52d: 83-84  OTHER RABBINIC LITERATURE  Mekhilta   Ba-Hodesh    1: 14  Deuteronomy Rabbah   2.24: 84  APOSTOLIC FATHERS  1 Clement   1.1: 129, 164-165   7.1: 165   Ignatius  To the Ephesians   11.2: 98, 110  To the Magnesians   4.1: 98, 110   267   9.1: 89   10.1: 111   10.3: 111  To the Trallians   6.1: 98, 110  To the Romans   3.2: 98, 110   3.3: 111  To the Philadelphians   6.1: 111  GREEK AND LATIN WORKS  Acta Iohannis   1-4: 82-85, 196  Appian  Syriacus Liber   50.251-253: 21  Augustine    De CivitateDei   6.11: 42, 127  Cassius Dio  Roman History   62.16: 97   65.7.2: 8, 10-11, 86-87, 172, 196   67.1-67.17.2: 73   67.1.4: 29   67.4.3: 27   67.4.5: 28, 128   67.14.1-2: 30, 33, 52, 81, 115, 129   68.1.2: 30-31, 76, 80, 115, 125-126,     129  Celsus  De Medicina   7.25.2: 62  Censorinus  De Die Natali   18.14: 36  Cicero  Pro Flacco   28.66-69: 24  Digest     1.2.2.32 (Pomponius): 77   48.22.6: 132   48.22.14.3: 132   48.22.15: 132  Eusebius  Ecclesiastical History   2.25: 101   3.11: 89, 192   3.17: 32, 124-125   3.18: 32-33, 117, 125-126   3.19-20: 140   3.20: 88-89, 125   3.23: 125-126   3.27: 192   3.32: 89, 133   3.33: 89   3.35: 192   3.36: 133   4.26.9: 125   5.8: 32, 117, 125-126   268 Preparation for the Gospel   1.2.3-4: 228  Irenaeus  Against Heresies   2.22.5: 126   3.3.4: 126   5.30.3: 32, 116-117, 126  Julian   To the Community of the Jews   22    Against the Galilaeans   43a: 230  Justin  First Apology   31.6: 227  Juvenal  Satirae   14.100: 42, 127   14.103: 42, 127  Martial  Epigrams   6.4.1: 27   7.82: 63  Origen  Ad Africanum   14: 21   Contra Celsum   2.1: 227-228   2.4: 228   5.33: 227  Pliny the Elder  Historia Naturalis   17.1.5: 97  Pliny the Younger   Epistulae   10.96: 31, 86, 88, 98-99, 129-130,       132, 134, 143, 171, 174, 198, 219,        233    10.96-97: 93   Panegyricus Traiani   36.1: 28, 128   37-38: 28, 128   42.1: 28, 128   55.5: 28, 128  Seneca    De Superstitione   42, 127   Suetonius  Claudius   25.3-4: 99-100, 109  Nero   16.2: 97-99   38: 97   57.2: 28  Vespasianus   1: 123     269 Titus   8.3: 138  Domitianus   4: 26   5: 26, 138   7.3: 26   8.3: 27   9.3: 76   9.3-10.1: 29   12.1-2: 25-26, 28, 86-87, 115, 128,             133, 150-151   12.2: 1-2, 8, 10, 13, 29-31, 36-72,             77, 80, 109, 129, 134, 172,             180, 196   15.1: 30   16-17: 73  Sibylline Oracles   5.143: 117   5.159: 117  Tacitus  Annales   15:38-44: 95   15.44: 57, 87, 95-99, 102, 130    Historiae   5.5: 14   5.5.1: 57   5.5.2: 43, 48-49, 57, 104, 127   Tertullian  Ad Nationes   1.7: 107  Apologeticus pro Christianis   5.3-4: 125   5.4: 32   18: 21  COINS  Claudius   RIC I 118: 51  Vespasian   RIC II 419 (II2 68): 118   RIC II 424 (II2 159-62, 233): 118     RIC II 425 (II2 163-4): 118   RIC II 426 (II2 165): 118   RIC II 427 (II2 167-9, 235 or           1134): 118   RIC II 442 (II2 108, 193): 118   RIC II 446 (II2 196): 118   RIC II 468 (II2 221-4, 256): 118   RIC II 476 (II2 279): 119     RIC II 532-562: 27 (see           concordance RIC II2: 374-375)   RIC II 542a, b (II2 587-8): 74   RIC II 577 (II2 886): 11   RPC II 2412: 16   RPC II 2445: 16   RPC II 2447: 17  Titus   RIC II 643-670 (Vesp.): 27 (see           concordance RIC II2: 377-378)   RIC II 780-790 (Vesp.): 27 (see           concordance RIC II2: 381)   RIC II 121a, b (II2 214-5): 74    Domitian   RIC II 709 (II2 833) (Vesp.): 74   RIC II 163a-c (II2 352, 322, 321)          (Titus): 74   RIC II 222 (II2 841): 139   RIC II 242D (II2 209): 73    RIC II 250a (II2 224, 226): 73   270        RIC II 250b (II2 225): 73   RIC II 251 (II2 227): 73     RIC II 271-272 (II2 304-5): 73   RIC II 304a (II2 385): 73   RIC II 304b (II2 418): 73  Nerva   RIC II 1-6: 74   RIC II 7: 73   RIC II 9: 73   RIC II 50: 74   RIC II 51: 73   RIC II 52: 74   RIC II 56: 74   RIC II 58: 1, 8, 19-20, 75-89   RIC II 63: 74    RIC II 64: 73   RIC II 66: 75    RIC II 67: 75   RIC II 72: 1, 8, 19-20, 75   RIC II 82: 1, 8, 19-20, 75   RIC II 89: 75   RIC II 93: 75  INSCRIPTIONS   CIL 4.8604: 12   CIL 16.24: 27    IJO 14: 41, 62, 228-229   ILS 1519: 12  OSTRAKA AND PAPYRI   CPJ 160-229: 13-21, 80   CPJ 421: 13, 15, 18   CPJ 460: 14, 21   O. Heerlen BL 345: 13, 18 

How Rome's administration of the Fiscus Judaicus accelerated the parting of the ways between Judaism and Christianity:rereading 1 Peter, Revelation, the Letter to the Hebrews, and the Gospel of John in their Roman and Jewish contexts

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How Rome's administration of the Fiscus Judaicus accelerated the parting of the ways between Judaism and Christianity:rereading 1 Peter, Revelation, the Letter to the Hebrews, and the Gospel of John in their Roman and Jewish contexts

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Proceedings - University of Groningen