Kalverboer, Margrite E.

Knorth, Erik J.

Post, Wendy J.

Zevulun, Daniëlle

Zijlstra, A. Elianne

English

ARTS repository - University of Groningen

   University of GroningenThe rearing environment and well-being of returned asylum-seeking adolescents in Kosovoand AlbaniaZevulun, Daniëlle; Kalverboer, Margrite E.; Zijlstra, A. Elianne; Post, Wendy J.; Knorth, Erik J.IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.Document VersionOther versionPublication date:2016Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research databaseCitation for published version (APA):Zevulun, D., Kalverboer, M. E., Zijlstra, A. E., Post, W. J., & Knorth, E. J. (2016). The rearing environmentand well-being of returned asylum-seeking adolescents in Kosovo and Albania. EUSARF 2016, Oviedo,Spain.CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license.More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne-amendment.Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Download date: 13-02-20231 | 08-09-2016 1 | faculty of behavioural and social sciences study centre for children, migration and law 08-09-2016 The rearing environment and well-being of returned asylum-seeking adolescents in Kosovo and Albania   Danielle Zevulun, Margrite E. Kalverboer, A. Elianne Zijlstra, Wendy J. Post, & Erik J. Knorth    d.zevulun@rug.nl 2 | 08-09-2016 The cycle of migration   • Pre-flight • Flight  • Host country    • How about after return to the country of origin?   (Bronstein & Montgomery, 2011; Fazel, Reed, Panter-Brick & Stein, 2012)  3 | 08-09-2016 Research questions  1. How are children faring after return in Kosovo and Albania?   2. Which factors predict their rearing environment and social-emotional well-being?   4 | 08-09-2016   Predictor variables   Procedural characteristics host country Stable residence permit Return procedure   Child and contextual characteristics  Age Gender  Ethnicity and country Living area after return  Length of stay and length since return  (Carr, 2014; Davids & Van Houte, 2008; Gladwell & Elwyn, 2012; Knaus et al., 2012; Vathi & Duci, 2015)  5 | 08-09-2016 Dependent variables   Social-emotional well-being:  Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997) • Emotional problems  • Peer problems   Quality of the childrearing environment:  Best Interests of the Child Questionnaire (BIC-Q; Zijlstra et al., 2012; Zijlstra et al., 2013)   6 | 08-09-2016 Best Interests of the Child (BIC) Model  7 | 08-09-2016 Research sample   106 children in families returned from EU host countries 59 boys, 47 girls 55 Albanian, 30 Roma in Kosovo   21 Albanian in Albania 11 – 18 years old (M = 14.4 years)  Lived 2 months – 18 years in host country On average 2.1 years returned in Kosovo or Albania  8 | 08-09-2016 How are children faring after return?  SDQ: Emotional problems: 32%  Peer problems: 30%  BIC-Q:  Quality of the childrearing environment: on average 9 conditions of sufficient quality 9 | 08-09-2016       Which factors predict the social-emotional well-being and living situation?   Residence permit in host country  For children without a permit: no difference regarding forced or voluntary return Belonging to a majority or minority ethnic group    Emotional problems: rural living area  Peer problems: older adolescents   10 | 08-09-2016 Figure 1 . Conceptual model with mediator and moderatorsOutcome by procedure and ethnicity - emotional problems- peer problems Age & living areaQuality of the childrearing environment after return11 | 08-09-2016 Conclusion   Procedural factors and situation of families during the stay in host countries   Child- and contextual characteristics  Need of knowledge on situation of returned asylum-seeking children • better-informed decisions asylum procedure • support in line with child’s needs  12 | 08-09-2016   Thank you for your attention!   d.zevulun@rug.nl 13 | 08-09-2016 References Bronstein, I., Montgomery, P. (2011). Psychological distress in refugee children: a systematic review. Clinical Child and  Family Psychology Review, 14, 44-56.  Carr, H. (2014). Returning ‘home’: Experiences of reintegration for asylum seekers and refugees. British Journal of Social  Work, 1-17. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcu046 Davids, T. & Van Houte, M. (2008). Remigration, Development and Mixed Embeddedness: An Agenda for Qualitative  Research? International Journal on Multicultural Societies 10 (2), 169-193.  Fazel, M., Reed, R.V., Panter-Brick, C., Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled  in high- income countries: risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379, 266-282.  Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2. Gladwell, C. & Elwyn, H. (2012). Broken Futures: young Afghan asylum seekers in the UK and on return to their country of  origin. UNHCR New Issues in Refugee Research, Research Paper No. 246. Retrieved from  http://www.unhcr.org/5098d2679.pdf  Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note. Journal of Child Psychology and  Psychiatry, 38, 581-586.et, 379, 266-282. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6376(11) 60051-2 Knaus, V. et al (2012) Silent Harm: A report assessing the situation of repatriated children’s psycho-social health. UNICEF  Kosovo in cooperation with Kosovo Health Foundation. Retrieved from  http://www.unicef.org/kosovo/SILENT_HARM_Eng_Web.pdf Vathi, Z. & Duci, V. (2015). Making other dreams: The impact of migration on the psychosocial wellbeing of Albanian- origin children and young people upon their families’ return to Albania. Childood, 1-16. Doi:  10.1177/0907568214566078  Zijlstra, A.E., Kalverboer, M.E., Post, W.J., Knorth, E.J., & Ten Brummelaar, M.D.C. (2012). The quality of the child- rearing  environment of refugee or asylum-seeking children and the best interest of the child: reliability and validity  of the BIC-Q. Behavioral Science and the Law, 30(6), 841-855. Doi:10.1002/bsl.1998. Zijlstra, A.E., Kalverboer, M.E., Post, W.J., Ten Brummelaar, M.D.C., & Knorth, E.J. (2013). Could the BIC-Q be a  decision-support tool to predict the development of asylum-seeking children? International Journal of Law  and Psychiatry, 36(2), 129-135. Doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.01.005.  

The rearing environment and well-being of returned asylum-seeking adolescents in Kosovo and Albania

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The rearing environment and well-being of returned asylum-seeking adolescents in Kosovo and Albania

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