Executive function and intellectual quotient in schizophrenic patients.

Abstract

La esquizofrenia ha generado el interés de muchos profesionales de la salud, considerada desde un principio como un síndrome clínico que afecta diferentes procesos como el pensamiento, la emoción, los movimientos, el comportamiento, y aspectos cognitivos como la atención, la memoria, el lenguaje y especialmente las funciones ejecutivas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia para verificar si existe alguna relación con el Cociente Intelectual. Se tomaron 30 pacientes con un mínimo de escolaridad de tres años, que se encontraban recibiendo tratamiento farmacológico y sin evidencia de un retardo mental previo; se les aplicó el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) para evaluar las habilidades implicadas en la función ejecutiva y la escala de Inteligencia de Weschler para adultos (WAIS) para determinar el Cociente Intelectual, CI verbal, manipulativo y global. En la población estudiada, se encontró que los pacientes presentaron un deterioro global en cada una de las habilidades implicadas en la función ejecutiva, y se ubicaron en un rango de deficiencia mental en la escala de inteligencia, confirmándose que aunque existe deterioro de las funciones ejecutivas y un nivel de cociente intelectual bajo en los pacientes, no existe correlación entre estas dos variables.Schizophrenia, considered from the beginning as a clinical syndrome that affects different processes such as thinking, emotions, movements, and behaviour, as well as cognitive aspects such as attention, memory, language and especially the executive functions, is an entity that has arisen the interest of many health professionals. The objective of the present study was to assess the above mentioned functions in patients who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and later verify if there was a relation with their intellectual quotient. The sample for this research was composed of 30 patients with no evidence of previous mental retardation, who had studied for at least three years and who were receiving the suitable pharmacological treatment. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was administered to assess the abilities involved in the executive function, and the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), to determine the verbal, manipulative and global intellectual quotient (IQ). The research results showed that the patients presented a global deterioration in each one of the abilities involved in the executive function and were located within the rank of mental deficiency in the intelligence scale, thus confirming that although patients showed deterioration of the executive functions and a low level of intellectual quotient, there is no correlation between these two variables

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