Dimer βγ of G protein - signaling molecule

Abstract

The extracellular signals received by receptors with seven membrane-spanning regions that activate the G proteins, are routed to several distinct intracellular pathways. The G proteins consist of two functional units, Gα subunit, that binds guanine nucleotides and Gβγ dimer that functions as a single unit. The regulation of signal transduction by the Gβγ complex at different protein interfaces: subunit - subunit, receptor - G protein, and Gβγ - effector, are reviewed. Gβγ dimer regulates over twelve cellular effectors including phospholipase-β, adenyl cyclases, ion channels and G-protein coupled receptor kinases, which control a broad range of cellular processes