Determination of the pathogenesis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders is one of the
major challenges for modern scientists. The main pathogenic factors implicated in these disorders
are epigenetic changes caused by environmental factors, which include toxic metals (Cd,
Pb, Hg, Mn, Al and As). Also, the nervous system may be affected by the deficiency of microand
macroelements (e.g. Zn and Mg). The aim of the work was to analyze the content of particular
trace elements in the hair of autistic children. The study material comprised samples of
hair collected from both autistic children (study group) and children chosen randomly from
general population (control group). The concentrations of Mg, Zn, Cd and Mn were measured by
electron scanning microscopy on a Hitachi TM-3000 apparatus, and by X-ray EDS microanalysis.
The content of trace elements in hair, mutual interactions between them and their impact
on the development of autism in children were evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed
with the use of Statistica PL 12.5 software, including the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon
matched-pair test and R-Spearman correlation. According to the study, children diagnosed with
autism suffer from both Zn deficiency and toxic metal burden (Cd and Mn). The changes
observed in Mg level were statistically insignificant. These abnormalities, as an environmental
factor, may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease