The transition to menopause is associated with a changing hormonal
milieu, leading to bothersome menopausal symptoms in the short-term and
chronic health problems in the long-term. Premature ovarian
insufficiency (POI) is characterized by the cessation of menses before
the age of 40 years. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is indicated to
restore sex hormones to normal premenopausal levels and prevent chronic
diseases, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Menopausal
hormone therapy (MHT) is indicated in perimenopausal and postmenopausal
women over 45 years of age for managing menopausal symptoms, symptoms of
vulvovaginal atrophy, and reducing the risk of postmenopausal
osteoporosis. Individualization is the key to management, aiming at
maximizing efficacy and minimizing clinically relevant risks. This
review aimed to present the hormone therapy regimens for women during
the transition or after menopause and women with POI and early
menopause, as well as advise on: i) the initiation of MHT, ii) steps for
monitoring during follow up, iii) weaning and discontinuation of
treatment. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
