Background Previous research indicated that coeliac disease (CD) is
associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the gut-brain
axis peptide hormones secretion has not been evaluated so far in
patients with CD prior to treatment initiation or under treatment,
irrespective of patients having concomitant T1DM or not. The aim of the
study was therefore to evaluate these gut hormones at the preprandial
levels of patients with CD before and under treatment.
Methods Of forty-seven CD children, 12 untreated (UCD), 22 treated with
gluten-free diet (TCD) and 13 treated CD with coexisting T1DM (DCD), and
18 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Preprandial
glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1),
glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP), active amylin,
acylated ghrelin (AG), leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and
peptide-tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) were determined with hormone-map-array
technology.
Results We found in patients with CD compared with HC that the
concentration of (i) GLP-1 was reduced remarkably in all patients with
CD (P=0.008), (ii) GIP was lower in patients with UCD (P=0.008), (iii)
amylin was remarkably reduced (P<0.01) in all patients with CD, (iv) AG
was significantly decreased in patients with DCD (P<0.01), while (v)
leptin, PP and PYY were not significantly different. GIP, GLP-1 and
amylin levels correlated positively with insulin concentrations
(P<0.001, P=0.004 and P<0.01, respectively) in all patients. Amylin and
GIP levels were strongly associated with triglycerides concentrations
(P<0.001, for both peptides) in children with CD.
Conclusions Our study revealed a different secretion pattern of
gut-brain axis hormones in children with CD compared with HC. The
alterations in the axis were more pronounced in children with both CD
and T1DM