Coal-fired power plants energy efficiency and climate change: Current state and future trends

Abstract

Termoelektrane na fosilna goriva, pre svega ugalj, emituju velike količine ugljen dioksida, koji se smatra glavnim uzročnikom fenomena globalnog zagrevanja. Smanjenje emisije CO2 u energetskom sektoru je postalo jedan od osnovnih prioriteta svih nacionalnih vlada. Sa druge strane, globalno zagrevanje direktno utiče na proizvodnju energije. Ovaj uticaj se pre svega ogleda u mogućnosti odvođenja otpadne toplote, neophodnog za rad postrojenja. U doglednoj budućnosti efikasnost rada postojećih termoenergetskih postrojenja opadati, ukoliko se ne ulože dodatni napori kako bi se unapredio njihov rad, posebno imajući u vidu optimizaciju rada kondenzacionog dela postrojenja, a ovo opet vodi povećanoj emisiji CO2. Predviđeni porast potrošnje energije dodatno podvlači ovaj problem.U radu je dat pregled današnjih metoda za smanjenje emisije CO2 u atmosferu, ali je osnovni cilj rada da ukaže na mogućnosti povećanja energetske efikasnosti postojećih postrojenja, uz relativno mala ekonomska ulaganja, čime bi se smanjili i ekološki problemi. Prikazan je uticaj porasta temperature rashladne vode i vazduha na energetsku efikasnost termoelektrana u Srbiji sa protočnim i povratnim sistemom hlađenja. Rezultati su dobijeni na osnovu originalnih matematičkih modela i numeričkih simulacija, koje su autori predstavili u drugim radovima. Dobijeni rezultati mogu biti od koristi kako pri revitalizaciji postojećih, tako i pri projektovanju novih termoenergetskih kapaciteta.Coal-fired power plants emit large amounts of CO2, which constitutes one of the largest causes of global warming. Reducing CO2 emissions in the energy sector has become a top priority for national governments. On the other hand, fossil energy production is also affected by air and water temperatures. Local weather conditions affect the capacity of cooling towers and natural water bodies to transfer waste heat from steam condensers to the atmosphere. Without technology-based improvements in cooling system efficiency, the steam-cycle energy efficiency would decrease. This again leads to increased consumption of fossil fuels and thus increasing emissions of CO2. Increasing in global energy demand aggravates this issue. In this paper, the overview of currently actual methods for CO2 reduction is given. The main objective, however, is to find a cost-effective solution for increasing the energy efficiency of existing plants in Serbia. The overview of cooling water temperature increase impact on the energy efficiency in Serbian power plants is given, based on meteorological data and numerical simulation. This study is done for both, power plants with once-through and with closed cycle cooling system. Obtained results could be used as useful guidelines in design of the new power plants and also in improving existing power plants performances

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