This report provides a descriptive snapshot of selected economic, social, educational, and demographic indicators pertaining to Latinos in Springfield. It reflects a commitment by UMass Boston’s Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy to provide periodic updates on the growing Latino population in Massachusetts.
The report on Springfield is part of a larger series that covers other cities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This report analyzes Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data from the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. Springfield is a large enough city that it constitutes a PUMA by itself. The PUMS ACS data thereby enables us to arrive at more detailed demographic and economic estimates of Springfield’s Latino community

Granberry, Phillip

Mattos, Trevor

English

This report provides a descriptive snapshot of selected economic, social, educational, and demographic indicators pertaining to Latinos in Leominster. It reflects a commitment by UMass Boston’s Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy to provide periodic updates on the growing Latino population in Massachusetts.
The report on Leominster is part of a larger series that covers cities and towns in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts with a significant number of Latinos. Each report analyzes data from the American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. We obtained the data from the American Factfinder website in tabular form, and we transformed these data into figures presented in this report

University of Massachusetts Boston: ScholarWorks at UMass

University of Massachusetts BostonScholarWorks at UMass BostonGastón Institute Publications Gastón Institute for Latino CommunityDevelopment and Public Policy Publications7-1-2017Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas:LeominsterPhillip GranberryUniversity of Massachusetts Boston, phillip.granberry@umb.eduTrevor MattosUniversity of Massachusetts Boston, trevor.mattos001@umb.eduFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/gaston_pubsPart of the Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, Latina/o Studies Commons, andthe Race and Ethnicity CommonsThis Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public PolicyPublications at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gastón Institute Publications by an authorized administrator ofScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact library.uasc@umb.edu.Recommended CitationGranberry, Phillip and Mattos, Trevor, "Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: Leominster" (2017). Gastón Institute Publications.221.https://scholarworks.umb.edu/gaston_pubs/221Latinos in Massachusetts Selected AreasLeominsterby Phillip Granberry, PhD, Trevor MattosJuly, 2017THE MAURICIO GASTON INSTITUTE FOR LATINO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTAND PUBLIC POLICY2 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 LeominsterThe Latino PopulationThis report provides a descriptive snapshot of selected economic, social, educa-tional, and demographic indicators pertaining to Latinos in Leominster. It reflects a commitment by UMass Boston’s Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy to provide periodic updates on the growing Latino population in Massachusetts.  The report on Leominster is part of a larger series that covers cities and towns in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts with a significant number of Latinos. Each report analyzes data from the American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.  We obtained the data from the American Factfinder web-site in tabular form, and we transformed these data into figures presented in this report.In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, blacks, and Asians for selected characteristics.  This report uses the designation of Latino for the uni-verse of people who the Census identified as Hispanic or Latino. The US Census first identified individuals with an ethnicity category of Hispanic or Latino or not Hispanic or Latino. Then, the US Census allowed individuals to select a race. This analysis uses the term “Latino” to identify those that selected an ethnicity.  The Census designation of black or African American alone is referenced as black.  The category of Asian alone is referenced as Asian. A smaller other ethno-racial category is identified for the initial population estimate of Leominster and this consists those who identified with multiple race categories or some other race and the category of American Indian and Alaska Native alone. The number of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethno-racial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates. Leominster is a city with a population of 41,176 people, including 6,304 Latino residents, who compose 15% of the city. The majority of the city identify as non-Latino whites, making up 75% of the population, while black and Asian residents make up just 4% and 2%, respectively (Figure 1). It is noteworthy that the citywide proportion of Latino residents matches that of the Commonwealth (15%).  The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  3 Figure 1: Population Percentages by Ethno-Racial Group in LeominsterSource: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B03002Between 2010 and 2015, Leominster has seen significant demographic shifts in its population. The largest growth occurred in the Latino community, which grew by 15%, followed by the “other” group, made up of Native Americans, Pacific Island-ers, and other smaller ethno-racial groups. Those in the “other” group grew by 4%. The black, white, and Asian communities in Leominster decreased in size, by 1%, 2%, and 12%, respectively (Figure 2). Latino population growth in Leominster trailed statewide growth for this group by 6 percentage points. Similarly, statewide growth was positive and significant for black (11%), Asian (19%), and “other” (19%) ethno-racial groups, in contrast with trends in Leominster (Figure 2). Figure 2: Population Change by Ethno-Racial Group from 2010 to 2015Source: 2011–2015 & 2006–2010 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B0300215% 4% -1% -2% -12% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Latino Other Black White Asian White 75% Latino 15% Black 4% Asian 2% Other 3% 4 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 More than half of Latinos in Leominster are Puerto Rican (3,328 out of 6,304). The next largest groups include the Dominicans (Dominican Republic, 674), Uru-guayans (646), Mexicans (378), and Ecuadorians (194). These trends track fairly well with statewide numbers, which show that Puerto Ricans and Dominicans make up a substantial majority of Latinos throughout the state of Massachusetts. Figure 3: Ancestry of the Top Latino or Hispanic SubpopulationsSource: 2011–2015 5-Year ACS Estimates – B03001Median Age and Marital  StatusLatinos are the youngest major ethno-racial group statewide, and this is true in Leominster as well, with a median age of 28.6 years (slightly higher than the state-wide Latino median of 27 years). The disparity in Leominster between Latinos and other groups, especially whites, is striking, as Figure 4 shows. All groups in Leomin-ster have higher median ages than their counterparts statewide. 3,328 674 646 378 194 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Puerto Rican Dominican (Dominican Republic) Uruguayan Mexican Ecuadorian The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  5 Figure 4: Median Age by Ethno-Racial GroupSource: 2011–2015 5-Year ACS Estimates – B01002Marriage rates in Leominster are highest in the white community (48%). Latino residents have the second highest marriage rate, at 41%, followed by Asian and black residents, with 39% and 34%, respectively (Figure 5). The statewide marriage rate for Latinos is nearly 10 percentage points lower, at 32%. Figure 5: Marriage Rates by Ethno-Racial GroupSource: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B1200243.9 38.9 35.8 28.6 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 White Black Asian Latino 48% 41% 39% 34% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% White Latino Asian Black 6 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 EducationEducational attainment for Latinos in Leominster is substantially lower than it is for Latinos statewide. In Leominster, 10% of Latinos obtained a Bachelor’s degree or higher, while statewide this figure is 17%. In Leominster, Latinos trail every other major ethno-racial group in this regard. The group with the second lowest higher educational attainment is black residents, of whom 28% obtained a Bachelor’s de-gree or higher. Consistent with these trends, we also observe that Latinos have the largest percentage of those who fail to complete high school (37%). Interestingly, Asians have very large shares of residents on both ends of the spectrum – 41% have higher education, while 26% did not complete high school. No other group has such high concentrations at both extremes. Figure 6: Educational Attainment by Ethno-Racial Group (Adults 25 Years and Older)Source: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C15002Labor Force Partic ipationLabor force participation rates are lowest for Latino residents of Leominster, at 66%. Black residents have the highest participation rate (75%), followed by Asians (72%) and whites (69%). Statewide, Latino labor force participation is nearly equal to what it is in Leominster, measured at 67% across the Commonwealth. 37% 26% 10% 9% 26% 20% 35% 33% 27% 13% 28% 28% 10% 41% 28% 29% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Latino Asian Black White Less than High School High School Some College BA or above The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  7 Figure 7: Labor Force Participation among Individuals 16 years and Older by Ethno-Racial GroupSource: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C23002 Unemployment in Leominster is highest for black residents (21%). Latinos have the second highest unemployment rate (12%), which matches statewide unemploy-ment for this group. Whites and Asians have equal rates of unemployment: 8%. Figure 8: Unemployment Rates by Ethno-Racial Group (ages 16+)Source: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C2300275% 72% 69% 66% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Black Asian White Latino 21% 12% 8% 8% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Black Latino White Asian 8 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 In Leominster, white collar workers are most highly concentrated in the white community – 38% of whites hold such jobs. Black residents have the next highest proportion serving in white collar positions (36%). Asian and Latino groups have lower representation in these occupations – 24% of Asians and 21% of Latinos. Among Latinos, this is quite consistent with trends statewide, where 23% of Latinos work in white collar positions. Figure 9: Population Employed by Occupational Category by Ethno-Racial GroupSource: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C24010EarningsCitywide, Leominster residents earn about $10,000 less per year than we observe across the state – $58,955 versus $68,563. Latinos are the lowest earners in the city, with a median household income of $29,976 (compared to $36,171 statewide). As Figure 10 shows, this is less than half of what the residents in any other ethno-racial group in Leominster earn. 38% 36% 24% 21% 42% 61% 62% 42% 20% 3% 14% 37% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% White Black Asian Latino White collar Service Blue Collar The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  9 Figure 10: Median Earnings by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B19013Housing Status and Medical  UninsuranceThe overall rate of homeownership in Leominster is 55%, compared to the 62% statewide rate. The Leominster rate is especially low for Latinos, whose ownership rate is less than one third that of white residents: 20% as compared to whites’ 63%. Statewide, only 24% of Latinos are homeowners. Asian residents of Leominster enjoy an ownership rate of 51%, followed by black residents with a rate of 32% (Figure 11). Figure 11: Homeownership Rates by Ethno-Racial GroupSource: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B25003 $64,417   $61,466   $60,120   $29,976  $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 $100,000 White Asian Black Latino 63% 51% 32% 20% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% White Asian Black Latino 10 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 In contrast with many other towns and cities with Latino communities across the state, only 3% of Latinos in Leominster lack health insurance. This is lower than the statewide uninsurance rate of 3.6%. In Leominster, Asians have the highest uninsur-ance rate (13%), followed by blacks (10%) and whites (5%). Figure 12: Medical Uninsurance by Ethno-Racial GroupSource: 2011–2015 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C2700113.0% 10.0% 5.0% 3.0% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% Asian Black White Latino The Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy at the University of Massachusetts Boston con-ducts research on and for the Latino population in New England. Our goal is to generate the infor-mation and analysis necessary to develop more inclusive public policy and to improve Latino participation in the policy making process. In an effort to present vital information about Latinos to diverse audiences, the Gastón Institute has produced this series of demographic profiles for selected Massachusetts areas based on an analysis of American Community Survey (ACS) data. Demographic profiles highlighting Latino subgroups will be produced on an ongoing basis.Our descriptive analysis uses ACS data to estimate population size and characteristics in order to compare Latinos to other ethno-racial groups. Technically, these groups are non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and non-Latino Asians, though they are identified as “white,” “black”, and “Asian” in these profiles. Because these estimates contain a “margin of error,” they may vary from one year’s report to another but still fall within this “margin of error.”  Only when another estimate is out-side of this margin of error can we identify a population change over time. Even with the limitation of this “margin of error,” these reports use the best demographic data of Latinos in the city and towns of Massachusetts.One of the goals of the Gastón Institute is to be responsive to the needs of the Latino and policy communities through the research we under-take. Please feel free to contact us with sug-gestions or requests for specific information. Phillip Granberry is a social demographer. He worked with various community-based organiza-tions assisting recently arrived U.S. immigrants before earning a Ph.D. in Public Policy from the University of Massachusetts Boston. He has published several articles on the accumulation and use of social capital among Latinos and the sexual health communication of Puerto Rican mothers with their children. In addition to his research and teaching in the Gastón Institute and Economics Department at UMass Boston, he is Senior Researcher in demography for the Boston Planning and Development Agency. About the AuthorsTrevor Mattos holds a M.P.P. in Public Policy from the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth and is currently a Graduate Research Assistant at the Gastón Institute, while pursuing a Master’s degree in Applied Economics at UMass Boston. His work primarily focuses on analysis of socio-demographic and economic conditions in Latino communities across Massachusetts. www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute | @GastonInstitute gastoninstitute@umb.edu  | Find Us on Facebook

Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: Leominster

University of Massachusetts BostonScholarWorks at UMass BostonGastón Institute Publications Gastón Institute for Latino CommunityDevelopment and Public Policy Publications7-1-2017Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas:SpringfieldPhillip GranberryUniversity of Massachusetts Boston, phillip.granberry@umb.eduTrevor MattosUniversity of Massachusetts Boston, trevor.mattos001@umb.eduFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/gaston_pubsPart of the Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, Latina/o Studies Commons, andthe Race and Ethnicity CommonsThis Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public PolicyPublications at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gastón Institute Publications by an authorized administrator ofScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact library.uasc@umb.edu.Recommended CitationGranberry, Phillip and Mattos, Trevor, "Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: Springfield" (2017). Gastón Institute Publications.224.https://scholarworks.umb.edu/gaston_pubs/224Latinos in Massachusetts Selected AreasSpringfieldby Phillip Granberry, PhD, Trevor MattosJuly, 2017THE MAURICIO GASTON INSTITUTE FOR LATINO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTAND PUBLIC POLICY2 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 SpringfieldThe Latino PopulationThis report provides a descriptive snapshot of selected economic, social, educa-tional, and demographic indicators pertaining to Latinos in Springfield. It reflects a commitment by UMass Boston’s Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy to provide periodic updates on the growing Latino population in Massachusetts. The report on Springfield is part of a larger series that covers other cities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This report analyzes Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data from the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS) con-ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data are analyzed by Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA), which consists of a minimum population of 100,000 and is the smallest geographic area publically available for individual-level analysis. Springfield is a large enough city that it constitutes a PUMA by itself. The PUMS ACS data thereby enables us to arrive at more detailed demographic and economic estimates of Springfield’s Latino community. Since ACS data are a sample of the population, there is some variation associated with each population estimate. In the bar graphs in this report, the ‘I’ that accom-panies each bar represents the confidence interval for that estimate; we expect that another sample would generate an estimate within this interval 95% of the time.In this report, Latinos are compared to non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and Asians for selected demographic, economic, and social characteristics. The num-ber of ethno-racial groups included in a particular analysis may vary; each ethno-racial group is included in the analysis only when the observed sample size is large enough to produce reliable population estimates. Springfield, the third largest city in Massachusetts, is home to an estimated 69,243 Latinos, who make up 45.1% of the city’s population. Whites constitute the second largest ethno-racial group (31.0%), while blacks (17.8%) and Asians (3.0%) are the other ethno-racial group with a sizable presence (Figure 1).   The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  3 Figure 1: Population Percentages by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015,Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample The large Latino population is driven by the city’s high concentration of Puerto Ricans, who are U.S. citizens and who number 55,970. As a result, Springfield has a lower percentage of foreign-born residents (11.5%) than the state as a whole (16.2%). Dominicans (5,365) and Mexicans (2,360) are the other two large Latino populations in Springfield; these three groups make up 92.0% of the city’s Latino population. Figure 2: Ancestry of the Top Latino Groups in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample The remainder of this report presents an overview that compares Latinos to whites, and blacks in this area for selected demographic, economic, and social characteris-tics. The Asian population is too small to provide reliable information in many of these categories.55,970 5,365 2,360 -10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 Puerto Rican Dominican Mexican #""  White Alone, 31.0% Latino, 45.1% Black  Alone, 17.8% Asian Alone, 3.0% Other Race, 3.2% 4 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 Median Age and Marital  StatusFigure 3 highlights differences in median age between populations, drawing at-tention to the importance of Latinos in Springfield. Latinos have a median age (25 years) that is slightly younger than the statewide Latino average (27 years) and much younger than the median age of blacks (30 years), Asians (31 years), and whites (47 years) in Springfield. This suggests that Latinos have more families with young children and will require an investment in education of their youth; however, these younger Latinos will contribute economically, socially, and politically in later years as an older white population ages and retires. Springfield’s older population will require younger residents to keep this city’s neighborhoods vibrant and main-tain a productive workforce, and Latinos are poised to make this contribution. Figure 3: Median Age by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample The youthfulness of Springfield’s Latino population may influence its marital status. The Latino marriage rate shown in Figure 4, covering all persons’ age 15 and older, is lower than for whites but higher than for blacks. Statewide, the Latino marriage rate is 34.1% in comparison to 27.5% in Springfield. 47 31 30 25 0 10 20 30 40 50 White Asian Black Latino Years The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  5 Figure 4: Marriage Rates by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015 (Ages 15 and older)Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata SampleEducationFigure 5 highlights the fact that Latinos have a high percentage of their adult popu-lation lacking a high school diploma: 37.0%, compared to 13.0% for whites and 12.4% for blacks. At the other end of the educational scale, Latinos have the lowest percentage of their population with at least a bachelor’s degree: 5.9%, compared to 19.5% for blacks, and 26.3% for whites.Figure 5: Educational Attainment by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015 (Adults 25 Years and Older)Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample32.9% 20.3% 27.5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% White Black Latino 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Latino Black White Less than High School High School Diploma or Equivalent  Some college BA or above 6 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 Labor Force Partic ipationFigure 7 shows that Latinos have a lower labor force participation rate (56.3%) than blacks (65.0%) but higher than whites (53.9%). This labor force participation rate is substantially lower than the statewide Latino average of 69.9%, and slightly lower than the overall Springfield labor force participation rate of 57.7%. This low par-ticipation in Springfield could be related to the lower median age of Latinos shown by Figure 3 and educational attainment shown by Figure 5, suggesting they have more families with young children, which typically aligns with lower labor force participation rates due to caretaking needs.Figure 7: Labor Force Participation by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample The previous labor force participation information suggests that Latinos in Spring-field are struggling to participate in the city’s economy. Figure 8 tells a similar and even less positive story for those Latinos who are in the work force. The unemploy-ment rate among Latinos in 2015 was 13.0%, which was more than double that of whites and higher than the statewide Latino unemployment rate of 8.2%. 65.0% 53.9% 56.3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Black White Latino The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  7 Figure 8: Unemployment Rates by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample Figure 9 suggests that Latinos serve as complements to other ethno-racial groups in the Springfield labor market whose members have higher educational attainment. Latinos are overrepresented in sales and service occupations. Correspondingly, La-tinos are underrepresented in what are traditionally considered white-collar jobs (professional and managerial). Figure 9: Population Employed by Occupational Category by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample 13.0% 4.7% 11.8% 0% 10% 20% Latino White Black 31.9% 18.6% 23.6% 51.0% 58.1% 51.0% 17.1% 23.3% 25.5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% White Latino Black Professional and Managerial Sales and Service Farming, Construction, Production,  and Transportation 8 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 EarningsWhen examining the wage rates for these occupational categories, we see that Lati-nos in Springfield are receiving lower wages than other ethno-racial group (Figure 10). They earn less than blacks and whites for their blue-collar work. Similarly, they earn less than both blacks and whites for their white-collar employment. Figure 10: Median Income by Occupational Category by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample Housing Status and Medical  UninsuranceThe final measures of Latino participation in Springfield are intended to identify how well Latinos are being rewarded for their economic, social, and political par-ticipation. Latinos traditionally have low homeownership rates across the country. Figure 11 shows that this trend holds true for Springfield, where Latinos’ home-ownership level (31.6%) is lower than for other ethno-racial groups in the city but is higher than the statewide Latino rate of 25.1%. As a complement to these per-centages in Figure 11, it is evident that 69.4% of Latinos in Springfield are renters. $60,076 $38,549 $46,258 $45,057 $26,634 $38,048 $50,063 $27,034 $30,038 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 White Latino Black Professional and Managerial Sales and Service Farming, Construction, Production,  and Transportation The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790  9 Figure 11: Homeownership Rates by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample Figure 12: Median Rental Costs by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata SampleWith low levels of homeownership, Latinos in Springfield are more dependent on the local rental market. Monthly rents paid by Latino renters ($700) are lower than those of black and white renters ($750). The percentage of Latinos in Springfield who lack medical insurance (6.5%) is higher than for blacks (2.9%) but higher than for whites (2.7%) in Springfield. La-tinos have a lower uninsurance rate than Latinos statewide (7.5%). The greater per-centages of Latinos in Springfield who are Puerto Rican and have access to public health insurance plans due to their citizenship may account for lower uninsurance rates in comparison to statewide.69.0% 48.1% 31.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% White Black Latino $750 $700 $750 $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 $800 $900 White Latino Black 10 The Mauricio Gastón Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125    |    T. 617.287.5790 Figure 13: Medical Uninsurance by Ethno-Racial Group in 2015Source: 2015 American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample2.9% 6.5% 2.7% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% Black Latino White The Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy at the University of Massachusetts Boston con-ducts research on and for the Latino population in New England. Our goal is to generate the infor-mation and analysis necessary to develop more inclusive public policy and to improve Latino participation in the policy making process. In an effort to present vital information about Latinos to diverse audiences, the Gastón Institute has produced this series of demographic profiles for selected Massachusetts areas based on an analysis of American Community Survey (ACS) data. Demographic profiles highlighting Latino subgroups will be produced on an ongoing basis.Our descriptive analysis uses ACS data to estimate population size and characteristics in order to compare Latinos to other ethno-racial groups. Technically, these groups are non-Latino whites, non-Latino blacks, and non-Latino Asians, though they are identified as “white,” “black”, and “Asian” in these profiles. Because these estimates contain a “margin of error,” they may vary from one year’s report to another but still fall within this “margin of error.”  Only when another estimate is out-side of this margin of error can we identify a population change over time. Even with the limitation of this “margin of error,” these reports use the best demographic data of Latinos in the city and towns of Massachusetts. One of the goals of the Gastón Institute is to be responsive to the needs of the Latino and policy communities through the research we under-take. Please feel free to contact us with sug-gestions or requests for specific information. Phillip Granberry is a social demographer. He worked with various community-based organiza-tions assisting recently arrived U.S. immigrants before earning a Ph.D. in Public Policy from the University of Massachusetts Boston. He has published several articles on the accumulation and use of social capital among Latinos and the sexual health communication of Puerto Rican mothers with their children. In addition to his research and teaching in the Gastón Institute and Economics Department at UMass Boston, he is Senior Researcher in demography for the Boston Planning and Development Agency. About the AuthorsTrevor Mattos holds a M.P.P. in Public Policy from the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth and is currently a Graduate Research Assistant at the Gastón Institute, while pursuing a Master’s degree in Applied Economics at UMass Boston. His work primarily focuses on analysis of socio-demographic and economic conditions in Latino communities across Massachusetts. www.umb.edu/gastoninstitute | @GastonInstitute gastoninstitute@umb.edu  | Find Us on Facebook

Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: Springfield

The city of West Springfield, Massachusetts is home to 28,575 residents, of whom 2,924 are Latino, according to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey. The city is majority non-Latino white (79%), though Latinos make up the second largest ethno-racial group (10%). This share of Latinos is smaller than the statewide population, which is 11% Latino. Black, Asian, and “other” populations collectively make up only 11% of the city’s population

University of Massachusetts BostonScholarWorks at UMass BostonGastón Institute Publications Gastón Institute for Latino CommunityDevelopment and Public Policy Publications10-2018Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: WestSpringfieldPhillip GranberryUniversity of Massachusetts Boston, phillip.granberry@umb.eduTrevor MattosUniversity of Massachusetts Boston, trevor.mattos001@umb.eduFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/gaston_pubsPart of the Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, Latina/o Studies Commons, andthe Race and Ethnicity CommonsThis Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public PolicyPublications at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gastón Institute Publications by an authorized administrator ofScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact library.uasc@umb.edu.Recommended CitationGranberry, Phillip and Mattos, Trevor, "Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: West Springfield" (2018). Gastón InstitutePublications. 238.https://scholarworks.umb.edu/gaston_pubs/238Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: West Springfieldby Phillip Granberry, PhD, and Trevor Mattos October, 2018THE MAURICIO GASTÓN INSTITUTE  FOR LATINO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICYThe Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 1 University of Massachusetts Boston Gastón Institute Publications Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy 10/17/2018 Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: West Springfield Phillip Granberry University of Massachusetts Boston, phillip.granberry@umb.edu Trevor Mattos University of Massachusetts Boston, trevor.mattos@umb.edu West Springfield Overview The Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 2 The Latino Population The city of West Springfield, Massachusetts is home to 28,575 residents, of whom 2,924 are Latino, according to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey. The city is majority non-Latino white (79%), though Latinos make up the second largest ethno-racial group (10%). This share of Latinos is smaller than the statewide population, which is 11% Latino. Black, Asian, and “other” populations collectively make up only 11% of the city’s population (Figure 1).  Figure 1: Population Percentages by Ethno-Racial Group in West Springfield Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates - B03002 Between 2010 and 2016, West Springfield saw a significant increase in the size of the Latino population, from 1,876 to 2,924, representing a 56% increase. Statewide, the Latino population grew by 25% during this same period. The Asian population of West Springfield grew by 18%, while the city’s white and black populations declined (Figure 2). West Springfield is geographically on the west side of the Connecticut River from Springfield, Massachusetts, which has a Latino population of more than 60,000, and the city Latino population appears to benefit from migration within Hampden County. West Springfield has a similar share of its population that is foreign-born compared to the Commonwealth. West Springfield is 15.5% foreign born, while Massachusetts is 15.7% foreign born. Figure 3, which breaks down the Latino population into national origins subgroups, however, includes both native-born and foreign-born Latino residents of West Springfield. White79.3%Latino10.2%Black2.6%Asian4.8%Other3.2%The Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 3 Figure 2: Population Change by Ethno-Racial Group from 2010 to 2016 Source: 2012-2016 & 2006-2010, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B03002 The largest Latino subpopulation in West Springfield is Puerto Rican, with more than 2,400 residents. Colombians, Cubans, and Mexicans are the next largest Latino groups, though each number fewer than 200 (Figure 3). Statewide, Puerto Ricans are the largest group, followed by Dominicans, Salvadorans, Mexicans, and Guatemalans.  Figure 3: Origin of the Top Latino or Latino Subpopulations Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B03001 55.9%17.6%-6.2%-2.9%-10%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%Latino Asian White Black2,411191 126 61 4205001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500Puerto Rican Colombian Cuban Mexican GuatemalanThe Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 4 Median Age and Marital Status Figure 4: Median Age by Ethno-Racial Group Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B01002 The age demographics vary significantly across these ethno-racial groups. Whites are the oldest population both statewide and in West Springfield. Their median age in West Springfield is 44 years, while that of Latinos, the youngest group, is 27 years. Across the state, the median age for Latinos is similar to West Springfield, at 27 years. Asians and blacks fall between the median ages of the whites and Latinos (Figure 4).  Figure 5: Marriage Rates by Ethno-Racial Group (Ages 15 and older) Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – B12002 Marriage rates are highest among Asians and lowest among Latinos in West Springfield. The marriage rate for Latinos is 21%, which is smaller than their statewide marriage rate of 32%. Asians have the highest marriage rate of 68%, which is higher than the marriage rate of 52% for Massachusetts (Figure 5).  443829270102030405060White Black Asian Latino56.4%46.5%26.9%20.7%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%Asian White Black LatinoThe Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 5 Education In West Springfield, Latinos have a greater share of residents who did not complete high school (20%) compared to whites (10%). On the opposite end of the spectrum, 27% of whites have a Bachelor’s degree or higher compared to 24% of Latinos. However, this share is greater for Latinos than their statewide share (18%). We do not include estimates for Asians and blacks because the margin of errors are too large when these smaller adult populations are divided into these four educational categories. Figure 6: Educational Attainment by Ethno-Racial Group (Adults 25 Years and Older) Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C15002 Labor Force Participation Labor force participation in West Springfield is highest among blacks (83%) and lowest among Asians (60%). The Latino labor force participation at 63% (Figure 7) is smaller in West Springfield than for Latinos statewide (67%). 19.7%10.0%23.9%31.9%32.4% 31.3%24.0% 26.8%0%20%40%60%80%100%Latino WhiteLTHS High School Some college BA or higherThe Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 6 Figure 7: Labor Force Participation among Individuals 16 Years and Older by Ethno-Racial Group Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C23002 The unemployment rates in West Springfield, much as in other parts of Massachusetts, are higher for Latinos and blacks than for whites and Asians. Latinos and blacks have the highest unemployment rates (Figure 8) in West Springfield, while Asians and whites have the lowest (6.9%). The Latino unemployment rate in West Springfield is above the statewide Latino rate of 11.5%. Statewide in Massachusetts during this period, unemployment was 6.8%. Figure 8: Unemployment Rates by Ethno-Racial Group (ages 16+) Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C23002 Latino residents in West Springfield are more likely to work in white collar, managerial and professional, related occupations and less likely to work in service positions than whites (Figure 9). This occupational distribution among Latinos differs from their statewide distribution in which 52% work in service occupations and 23% work in white-collar positions.  83.0%66.4% 62.5% 60.0%0%20%40%60%80%100%Black White Latino Asian18.3% 17.8%6.9% 6.9%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%Black Latino White AsianThe Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 7 Figure 9: Population Employed by Occupational Category by Ethno-Racial Group Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C24010 Income The median household income in West Springfield is $50,649, compared to the statewide median of $70,945. In West Springfield, Latino households earn $39,681 (Figure 10). Asian households have the highest income ($59,542). Latinos earn more in West Springfield than they do statewide. For Massachusetts, their household income is $37,100. Figure 10: Median Household Income by Ethno-Racial Group Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – S1903 45.4%31.8%30.2%45.1%24.4% 23.1%0%20%40%60%80%100%Latino WhiteWhite collar Service Blue collar$59,542 $52,851 $45,409 $39,681 $0$10,000$20,000$30,000$40,000$50,000$60,000$70,000$80,000$90,000Asian White Black LatinoThe Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston 8 Housing Status and Medical Uninsurance Homeownership varies dramatically in West Springfield, where whites have the highest ownership share (67%), and Latinos have the lowest share (21%). Across the state, 25% of Latino householders are homeowners. Thus, if the Latino population would continue to grow in West Springfield, homeownership could be one indication of their ability to become more integrated into the city. Figure 11: Homeownership Rates by Ethno-Racial Group Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates - B25003 Disparities exist in health insurance coverage among these population. The share of Latinos without medical insurance is 9.2%, much higher than their statewide share (6.3%). This lack of coverage is higher than among Asians than whites in West Springfield. Figure 12: Medical Uninsurance by Ethno-Racial Group Source: 2012-2016, 5-Year American Community Survey Estimates – C27001 67.0%26.2% 24.8%21.2%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%White Black Asian Latino9.2%6.4%2.0%0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%Latino Asian Whiteand Asian alone, though they are identified as “white,” “black”, and “Asian” in these profiles. Because these estimates contain a “margin of error,” they may vary from one year’s report to another but still fall within this “margin of error.” Only when another estimate is outside of this margin of error can we identify a population change over time. Even with the limitation of this “margin of error,” these reports use the best demographic data of Latinos in the city and towns of Massachusetts.  One of the goals of the Gastón Institute is to be responsive to the needs of the Latino and policy communities through the research we undertake. Please feel free to contact us with suggestions or requests for specific information.Trevor Mattos holds a master of arts (M.A.) in applied economics from the University of Massachusetts Boston and a master of public policy (MPP) from the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. Trevor applies quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to a variety of economic and social policy issues. His current research focuses on the earnings of Latina immigrants in the United States, as well as other topics related to the economic conditions in Latinx communities.The Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy at the University of Massachusetts Boston conducts research on and for the Latino population in New England. Our goal is to generate the information and analysis necessary to develop more inclusive public policy and to improve Latino participation in the policy making process. In an effort to present vital information about Latinos to diverse audiences, the Gastón Institute produces demographic profiles and analysis for Latino communities throughout the Commonwealth. Our descriptive analysis uses ACS data to estimate population size and characteristics in order to compare Latinos to other ethnological groups. Technically, these categories are non-Latino white, Black or African American alone,About the AuthorsPhillip Granberry is a social demographer. He worked with various community-based organiza- tions assisting recently arrived U.S. immigrants before earning a Ph.D. in Public Policy from the University of Massachusetts Boston. He has published several articles on the accumulation and use of social capital among Latinos and the sexual health communication of Puerto Rican mothers with their children. In addition to his research and teaching in the Gastón Institute and Economics Department at UMass Boston, he is Senior Researcher in demography for the Boston Planning and Development Agency.

Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: West Springfield

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Latinos in Massachusetts Selected Areas: Springfield

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