The article is devoted to the activities of the town council as the executive body of the municipal government in Vitebsk and Polotsk in the second half of the nineteenth century.The structure of the councils is analyzed.The significant attention is drawn to the competence of the permanent commissions of the town councils

Potrasava, A.

Shidlovsky, S.

Digital Library of Polotsk State University (Репозиторий Полоцкого государственного университета)

MATERIALS OF V JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE                                                       2014 History, Cultural Studies, Tourism, Sports   136   Fig. 3. Analysis spatial capacity   One of the main attractions for WAN / LAN applications is the very high data rates that can be supported. With computer technology requiring ever inc easing amounts of data to be transported, it is likely that standards such as 802.11 and others may not be able to support the data speeds required in some applictions. It is in overcoming this problem where UWB may well become a major technology of the future.  REFERENCES  1. Taylor, J.D. Ultra Wideband Technology Overview / J.D. Taylor // Mobil Vox Magazine, Oct. – 2004. – P. 33. 2. Последам IDF: беспроводная технология передачи данных Ultra Wide Band [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.ixbt.com/comm/uwb.shtml. 3. Reed, J. UWB System Example / Jeffrey Reed and R. Michael Buehrer // Introduction to UWB: Impulse Radio for Radar and Wireless Communications, Oct. – 2005. – P. 55. 4. Ultra wide band (UWB) development and applications [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.radio-electronics.com/ info /wireless/ uwb/ uwb_ development.php. 5. James, D. Ultra-wideband Radar Technology / D. James, P.E. Taylor. – CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000. 6. Щербак, Н. Сверхширокополосная радиолокация / Н. Щербак // Электроника: Наука, Технология, Бизнесс. – 2002. – Вып. 3.   UDC 10.15.34«17/18»(476)   TOWN COUNCIL AS A BODY OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT IN V ITEBSK  AND  POLOTSK IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19 TH CENTURY  ALENA POTRASAVA,  SIARHEI  SHIDLOVSKY Polotsk State University, Belarus  The article is devoted to the activities of the town council as the executive body of the municipal government in Vitebsk and Polotsk in the second half of the nineteenth century.The structure of the coun ils is analyzed.The significant attention is drawn to the competence of the permanent commissions of the towncouncils.  On June 16, 1870 Alexander’s II government established the "City Regulations" which a new system of municipal government was based on. The self-governmnt system consisted of the electoral assembly, CityDuma and the administrative board of the city. Management function belonged to the Duma. Public members of the Duma and members of the town council were electd for 4 years. Municipal government was headed by the mayor, who like the members of the council, elected by City Duma. "City Regulations" were based on the all-MATERIALS OF V JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE                                                       2014 History, Cultural Studies, Tourism, Sports   137 estate self-government and the property qualification. Russia-wide municipal government reform of 1870 had been initiated in the territory of Belarus only after he decree of March 29, 1875. Its implementation in Belarus was associated with the peculiarities of government policies in relation to national and ethnic and confessional groups [1, p. 350]. According to the opinion of the State Council on April 29, 1875 "On the extension of the «City regulations» of 1870 to the city of the western provinces» Vitebsk and Polotsk’s town councils were established as the permanent executive body of the City Duma [2, p. 161]. On May 25-31, 1876 the town council of Vitebsk was elected at the meeting of the City Duma and it consisted of a mayor, five members and a secretary. I  began to work on August 7, 1876. The town council was set up in the provincial town of Polotsk in 1879 only [3]. The range of the activitiesof Vitebsk and Polotsk’stown councils under art. 72 of the «Сity regulations» of 1870 and drawn up on its basis the rules of production cases included: the administration, development and control of industry, trade, education and health, adoption of measures to combat epidemiological diseases, carrying out sanitary and hygienic measures, the coll ction of taxes and fees [4]. Also,Vitebsk and Polotsk’s town councils conducted he current affairs of municipal economy: were responsible for the provision of food of urban population, poverty charity, responsible for the improvement of the city (the state of the sidewalks, pavements, lighting, urban transport, water supply, firefighting), submission of reports and accounts on its activities and the sate of subordinate urban services, allocation and lease plots of urban land, councilsfiled complaints and lawsuits tothe Duma, called to account for failure to observe the rules of the beautification [1, p. 161]. Archival materials show that the city council of Vitebsk had the following structure: 1) officewhich conducted all clerical work of the city council, 2) tableof  accounting, 3) military table, 4) economic-administrative, 5) table on the construction part and craft. Each table included a head clerk, his assistant and two scribes. The secretary headed the office. He watched t  general order in the office, and fulfilled all the requirements of the mayor. The cases that were subjected to the decision of the сityсouncilwere resolved collectively [5]. According to the instruction issued on the basis of the articles 69 and 70 of the «City regulations» on the order of the clericalwork of the Duma and the council of Polotsk for 1879,all the cases in the council divided among three tables:accounting, economicсand administrative.Council had a registrar and archivist also.For example, the town office of Polotsk in 1890 consisted of a secretary, accountant, two managers, registar and four clerks [6]. In addition, could exist permanently active commission :school's, theatre, sanitary, veterinary, telephone, appraisal, apartment, veterinary, fire, law. Especially important was the activities of which dealt with the containing of the fire baggage, acquisition and repair of the fire equipment, the development of instructions and fire regulations for the construction and maintenance of buildings. Chairman and members of the commission were elected for 4 years by the town council. Reports and resolutions of the fire-commission were presented with its conclusion for discussion to the City Duma by the own council [2, p. 162].  General supervision of the work and care of all parts of the city government constantly carried out by the mayor. The town councilswere subordinated to and controlled by the Governor and the Minister of internal affairs too.Each of the tables and commissions were involved in a range of issues. So, the accounting table was responsible for the financial documentation, the duties of the table included the drafting of performance reports of income and expenses, the management statements of i come and expenditure, arrears of money, receiving, delivery and storage of cash and documents [7]. With the development of industries and services, the urban regulations from 1900 changed the structure of the office of the town council and increased cleri al staff. Instead of three tables (local, economic and military service) the office had four departments: distributive and economic, technical, housing for military service, and a countable (accounting) [2, p. 163]. In addition to the secretary, accountant and head clerks the staff of the office of the council consisted of an architect, surveyor, legal advisor and a veterinarian. Architect and surveyor were elected directly by the Duma.  In the memorial book of the Vitebsk province for 1898 we find the information that at Polotsk town council was registered а land surveyor who carried out the necessary land surveying and individual assignments onthe landmarkpart, satisfied the petition of indivi uals on the measurement, demarcation and division of private estates, the challenge of land for buildings [8, p. 121]. During the First World War the activities of the bodies of municipal government was subordinated to the maintenance of the military andproviding for the needs and requirements of the army, storing of food for the population. With the advent of Soviet power town councils were liquidated in 1917 [2, p. 161]. MATERIALS OF V JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE                                                       2014 History, Cultural Studies, Tourism, Sports   138 Thus, the town councils of Vitebsk and Polotsk as government bodies in the second half of the nineteenth centuryconcernedthe local economyexclusively. The main objects of attention of the towncouncil were education, health, road construction.  REFERENCES  1. Шевцов В.Д. Политика российского правительства по проведению реформы городского самоуправления на территории Беларуси во второй половине ХIХ в. / В.Д. Шевцов // Гуманитарное знание в контексте формирования инновационной культуры преподавателя / ред.: В.И. Дынич [и др.]. – Минск: РИВШ, 2007. – С. 350 – 353.  2. Витебская губерния: государственные, религиозные и общественные учреждения (1802–1917) / Т.Е. Леонтьева [и др.]; сост. Т.Е. Леонтьева, Д.Л. Яцкевич; редкол.: А.К. Голубович (гл. ред.) [и др.]. – Минск :БелНИИДАД, 2009. – 524 с. 3. Витебская городская управа (1872 – 1921 гг.) // НИАБ. – Фонд 2496. – Оп. 1. – Д. 564. 4. Журналы заседаний Витебской городской управы // НИАБ. – Фонд 2506. – Оп. 1. – Д. 60. 5. Сведения о структуре Витебской городской управы // НИАБ. – Фонд 2496. – Оп. 1. – Д. 1. 6. Полоцкая городская управа // НИАБ. – Фонд 2523. – Оп. 1. – Д. 6, 7. 7. О выборе гласных думы, городского головы и членов Витебской городской управы // НИАБ. – Фонд 2506. – Оп. 1. – Д. 44. 8. Памятная книжка Витебской губернии на 1898 г. – Витебск: Губернская типография, 1898 г. – 608 с.    UDC [164.01+061.5] (476)=111  ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF LOGISTICS  IN THE COMPANY "EVROTORG"  ANZHALIKA MISNIK, HANNA SAMOILAVA  Polotsk State University, Belarus  This article analyzed the logistics of retail chains «Еvrotorg». Three main functional areas of logistics: warehousing, procurement and distribution, which effectively interact. Also the author paid attention to the narrow space in their activities and recommendations for its improvement.  Logistics is a science about management of material flows and related information, finance and service in a certain micro-, meso- or macro-economic system to achieve its objectives with optimal charges of resources. The key functions of logistics allocate procurement management, transportation, inventory management, order management, pricing, physical distribution. The aim of this study was the fact that based on a critical analysis of literary sources, statistical and factual material to enhance the efficiency of the management of the company “Evrotorg” by improving the functional areas of logistics. According to the theory of logistics there are six functional areas of logistics: procurement, manufacturing, distribution, transport, information a d finance. In the process of providing of the enterprise with raw materials and materials solved the problem of pr curement logistics.  In the process of providing of the enterprise with raw and other materials the problem of procurement logistics is solved. At this stage, suppliers are examined and selected, and then suppliers enter i o contracts and control their implementation, takemeasuresin case of violation of terms of delivery [1, c. 32]. In the process of management of material flow within the company, which creates material goods or provides material services, the problem of manufactring logistics is mainly solved. The peculiarity of this stage is that the bulk of the work on carrying out of theflow is performed within the territory of one enterprise. In the management of material flows during realization of finished commodities the problem of distribution logistics is solved. This is a vast range of tasks, the decision of which are engaged in the manufacturing enterprise, as well as the enterprises engaged in commercial and intermediary activity. 

Town council as a body of municipal government in Vitebsk and Polotsk in the second half of the 19th century

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Town council as a body of municipal government in Vitebsk and Polotsk in the second half of the 19th century

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