Methabolic Evaluation and Medical Aspects of Recurrent Urinary Tract Calcium Stones

Abstract

Recurrent Stone formation in the urinary tract is a common and important problem. The most important component in the medical treatment of stones is establishing the correct metabolic diagnosis. Unfortunately a significant proportion of patients with recurrent stones do not undergo proper metabolic evaluation. Dietary modification still remains one of the most important strategies for therapy. Recent studies suggest that severe calcium restriction is not useful in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. New studies imply the significant role of oxalate, salt and animal protein dietary restrictions in the prevention of calcium stone recurrence. When dietary modification is unsuccessful in controlling stone formation or in the presence of severe metabolic derangements, a pharmacologic treatment may be necessary