BackgroundPrecision medicine opened the era of precision cancer treatment based on genetic variation, abnormal protein and other personalized factors. However, control of cancer cell proliferation and disease diffusion is not all we can do in cancer treatment. The strength of the human immune system, human basic physiological functions and normal metabolic activity, as well as the elimination of disease complications, these are the important aspects closely related to cancer lesions and therapeutic effect. Precision medicine is rapidly starting to build a micro-level personalized human pathological condition description system by the current results of genes, proteins, metabolites, and other genomics research. Chinese medicine (CM), which has a history of more than 2,000 years in China, is a mature medical system which describe and adjust-control the state of the human body from the overall level personally. The future precise treatment of cancer requires micro-level precision, and personalized holistic human status control. Thus, the introduction of the CM's system of syndrome differentiation and treatment, making micro-level precision treatment gradually extended to personalized holistic human status control of the patient, will be the highest attainment of precision medicine in the treatment of cancer.AimsFrom the perspectives of theoretical and clinical practice, in personalised cancer treatment, it’s need target therapy for cancer lesions as well as proliferation control. It’s also requiring symptomatic treatment for different dysfunctions and complications in organs and systems based on holistic status. By achieving an organic integration of the micro-level precision of treating local lesions and the holistic personalised recuperation, the highest realm of precision treatment of cancer can be achieved