Biosensors and Biochips for Nanomedical Applications: a Review

Abstract

In the last few decades, a tremendous growth in the field of nanotechnology has been witnessed and its applications to various disciplines are being continuously explored. In this review article, we focus on a very important and emerging area of nano-bio sensors and biochips, which have prospects of numerous applications to nanomedicine. We will discuss various topics of biosensors and transducers based on quantum dots (QD), porous silicon (PS), and Si-nanoparticles. A short discussion on biochips, along with their classification and applications to microarrays and drug delivery systems, is also presented. Some powerful optical techniques like Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) that are often deployed in conjunction with biosensors and biochips, as an interface mechanism, are also reviewed