Biclonuncaria recurvana, new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini), is described and il­lustrated from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. It is most similar to B. conica Razowski, 1993, from Mexico, but the two are easily distinguished by features of the male genitalia. Biclo­nuncaria recurvana has been reared (n = 12 specimens) from field-collected larvae feeding on the leaves of Dalbergia glomerata Hemsley (Fabaceae), consistent with the previously reported host plant for B. dalbergiae Razowski and Becker, 1993, which has been reared from Dalbergia in Brazil

Brown, John W.

English

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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Insecta Mundi Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida 1-5-2023 A new species of Biclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini) from Costa Rica John W. Brown Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi  Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc., Gainesville, FLDate of issue: January 6, 20230968A new species of Biclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini) from Costa RicaJohn W. BrownDepartment of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012 Insecta MundIA journal of world insect systematicsPage Count: 4BrownBrown JW. 2023. A new species of Biclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyor-thini) from Costa Rica. Insecta Mundi 0968: 1–4.Published on January 6, 2023 byCenter for Systematic Entomology, Inc.P.O. Box 141874Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USAhttp://centerforsystematicentomology.org/Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medi-cal entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. 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PaulsenFounding Editors: Ross H. Arnett, Jr., J. H. Frank, Virendra Gupta, John B. Heppner, Lionel A. Stange, Michael C. Thomas, Robert E. WoodruffReview Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpagePrinted copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in librariesFlorida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USAThe Natural History Museum, London, UKNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USAZoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, RussiaElectronic copies (Online ISSN 1942-1354) in PDF formatArchived digitally by PorticoFlorida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundiUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commer-cial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/Insecta MundI0968: 1–4 2023A new species of Biclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini) from Costa RicaJohn W. BrownDepartment of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012 tortricidae.jwb@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9855Abstract. Biclonuncaria recurvana, new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini), is described and il-lustrated from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. It is most similar to B. conica Razowski, 1993, from Mexico, but the two are easily distinguished by features of the male genitalia. Biclo-nuncaria recurvana has been reared (n = 12 specimens) from field-collected larvae feeding on the leaves of Dalbergia glomerata Hemsley (Fabaceae), consistent with the previously reported host plant for B. dalbergiae Razowski and Becker, 1993, which has been reared from Dalbergia in Brazil.Key words. Chlidanotinae, Dalbergia, Fabaceae, host plant, Neotropics.ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22EAB34E-0619-4B44-A595-701F8E0FCB24IntroductionBiclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 was proposed for a group of small neotropical tortricid moths that exhibit unusual male genital morphology. Although the male genitalia deviate considerably from those of other Polyorthini (Chlidanotinae), the assignment of the genus to this tribe is supported by morphological features of the female genitalia and by the presence of raised scales on the forewing of both sexes (Razowski and Becker 1993). Razowski (1999) provided a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among Biclonuncaria, Clonuncaria Razowski, 1999, and Pseuduncaria Razowski, 1999 based on morphological characters of adult moths. As cur-rently defined, Biclonuncaria includes 13 described species distributed in the Neotropics from Mexico (n = 2 species) to Bolivia (n = 1 species), and throughout much of Brazil (10 species) (Razowski and Becker 1993; Brown 2005; Gilligan et al. 2018). The purpose of this contribution is to describe a new species from Costa Rica and report its larval host plant.Materials and MethodsThe specimens examined (n = 13) are from the comprehensive rearing project of Daniel Janzen and Winnie Hall-wachs in the Área de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica (Janzen and Hallwachs 2009). All specimens are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (USNM). Dissection methods followed those summarized by Brown and Powell (1991). Terms for morphological structures follow Razowski and Becker (1993), except “phallus” is used instead of “aedeagus.” Forewing measure-ments include the fringe. In the specimens examined section, “emerged” (from the pupa) is abbreviated as “em.”Slide-mounted genitalia were examined using a Leica MZ12 stereomicroscope and a Nikon E500 compound microscope. Images of adults and genitalia were captured using a Canon EOS 40D digital SLR camera (Canon U.S.A., Lake Success, NY) mounted on a Visionary Digital BK Lab System (Visionary Digital, Palmyra, VA). Multiple images were stacked using Helicon Focus software and subsequently enhanced using GIMP software.Tissue samples from a leg of adult moths were used to amplify a ~650 bp region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) commonly referred to as the DNA barcode, using standard procedures at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph (Hebert et al. 2003, 2013; Craft et al. 2010) with the primers LepF1, MLepF1, LepR1 and MLepR2 (Hajibabaei et al. 2006). The sequence data were clustered using the Kimura2 parameter, a commonly used algorithm for clustering COI data that is available on the BOLD website 2 · January 6, 2022 Brown(https://www.boldsystems.org). Statistics for barcode data (i.e., average distance among members of a BIN and distance to nearest neighbor) are from BOLD (boldsystems.org).ResultsBiclonuncaria recurvana Brown, new speciesFig. 1–3Diagnosis. Biclonuncaria recurvana is superficially similar to other species in the genus, with an ill-defined brownish forewing pattern characterized by small patches of raised scales (Fig. 1). The male genitalia (Fig. 2) are most similar to those of B. conica Razowski and Becker, 1993 from Veracruz, Mexico, but they can be dis-tinguished by the distinct subapical “hump” on the costa of the valva that is more pronounced, sclerotized, and recurved than in B. conica, and by the uncus arms, which are uniform in width throughout (versus broadened distally in B. conica). Assignment of B. recurvana to Biclonuncaria is based on numerous similarities in the male genitalia to those of congeners and in particular, the basal bifurcation of the uncus (Razowski 1999).Description. Head: Vertex rough scaled, pale tawny brown; frons with small appressed cream-colored scales; labial palpus short, length ca. 1.0 times diameter of compound eye, pale tawny brown with a few darker scales distally on venter; antennal scaling pale tawny brown, sensory setae short, inconspicuous in both sexes. Thorax: Mostly pale tawny brown with black W-shaped marking on prothorax and weakly developed pale orange-brown tuft on metathorax. Legs without hairpencil or scale tufts. Forewing length 4.5–5.5 mm (mean = 5.0 mm; n = 8); forewing (Fig. 1) pale tawny brown with faint, small, irregular dots and/or dashes of pale orange, brown, and black, some represented by upraised scale patches; a broad subapical blotch bordered basally by linear tuft of raised, pale tawny scales; three conspicuous, somewhat linear, interrupted, scales tufts (fascia-like) – subbasal, median, and preterminal; fringe tawny orange brown. Hindwing nearly uniform brown, with pale grayish-brown fringe; frenulum with one spine in male, two to four in female. Abdomen: Covered with shiny bronzy gray scales. Male genitalia (Fig. 2) (n = 4) with uncus arms divided basally, relatively short compared to congeners, uniform in width throughout, weakly hooked apically; gnathos with relatively short, broad lateral arms with a pair of thorns immediately before terminal plate, terminal plate weakly hourglass-shaped, with dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe; transtilla a narrow bridge with a tiny subbasal lobe bearing 2–3 small setae; valva narrowest at base, gradually broadening distally, costa abruptly bent dorsad and recurved at about 0.65 length from base to apex, creating rounded hump before apex; sacculus slender, restricted to ventral edge of valva, ending in a small, free, terminal spine. Phallus large, ca. 0.85 times length of valva, weakly undulate, with a small rounded-triangular lobe near phallobase and two tiny thorns distally; vesica without cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 3) (n = 2) with papillae anales slender throughout, unmodified; sterigma broadly V-shaped with sclerotized circular area at ostium bearing microtrichia; ductus bursae long (ca. 2.5 times length of corpus), ribbon-like, slightly broader in posterior 0.35, lacking sclerotized antrum; corpus bursae ovoid, densely punctate throughout, lacking signum, ductus seminalis from anterior 0.25. DNA Barcodes. Because this is the first species of Biclonuncaria to be sequenced, DNA barcode data say little in regard to divergence from congeners. The 14 sequenced specimens (one not examined) form a BIN (BOLD:AAY4668) with a single outlier 0.94% distance from the main cluster. Together the specimens have an average distance of 0.22% among them, with 6.41% distance to the nearest neighbor, an unidentified tortricid from Costa Rica.Types. Holotype, ♂, Costa Rica, Alajuela, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Llano Conostegia, 430 m, 10.89492, −85.26671, 18 May 2011, larva on Dalbergia glomerata, P. Umaña, em: 29 May 2011, 11-SRNP-42406, USNM slide 142,279 (USNM).Paratypes (7♂, 5♀). COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Llano Conostegia, 430 m, 10.89492, −85.26671, 18 May 2011, larva on Dalbergia glomerata, P. Umaña, em: 27 May 2011 (1♀), 11-SRNP-42409, USNM slide 142,278; em: 30 May 2011 (1♂), 11-SRNP-42408; em: 2 Jun 2011 (1♂), 11-SRNP-42412, USNM slide 154,151; em: 29 May 2011 (1♂), 11-SRNP-42407; em: 7 June 2011 (1♀), A new species of Biclonuncaria from Costa Rica Insecta Mundi  0968 · 311-SRNP-42414. Guanacaste: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Del Oro, Guacimos, 380 m, 11.01454, −85.47492, 23 Aug 2010 (1♀), pupa on Dalbergia glomerata, E. Cantillano, 10-SRNP-21906; 23 Aug 2010, larva on Dalbergia glomerata, E. Cantillano, em: 6 Sep 2010 (2♂), 10-SRNP-21903, USNM slide 145,553, USNM slide ; 25 Aug 2010, larva on Dalbergia glomerata, E. Cantillano, em: 6 Sep 2010 (1♂), 10-SRNP-21898, USNM slide 154,152, 12 Sep 2010 (1♂), 10-SRNP-21937; 25 Aug 2010, larva on Dalbergia glomerata, E. Cantillano, em: 16 Sep 2010 (2♀), 10-SRNP-21942, 10-SRNP-21934, USNM slide 145,534.Biology and distribution. Biclonuncaria recurvana is recorded from lower elevations (380–430 m) at two sites in northwestern Costa Rica, one in Alajuela Province and the other in Guanacaste Province. All congeners have been recorded below 1000 m.All specimens of B. recurvana were reared from Dalbergia glomerata Hemsley (Fabaceae). Razowski and Becker (1993) reported that B. dalbergiae Razowski and Becker, from Brazil, was reared from the “leaves of Dal-bergia variabilis Vog., Fabaceae.” However, under the specimens examined for that species, they list “Dalbergia violacea Vog.” Dalbergia variabilis is now recognized as a junior synonym of D. frutescens (Vell.) Britton (WCVP 2022), and Dalbergia violacea as a junior synonym of D. miscolobium Benth. (Govaerts 2000). Hence, although the specific identity of the host plant in Brazil remains unclear, there is little doubt that Biclonuncaria is associated with the plant genus Dalbergia L.f. The only other reported host plant is for Biclonuncaria deutera Razowski and Becker, 1993; Moller and Pavarini (2020) recently reported it as a pest of peanut grass (Arachis repens Handro; Fabaceae), on which it causes damage to leaves.Figures 1‒3. Biclonuncaria recurvana. 1) Holotype male. 2) Paratype male genitalia, USNM slide 145,533. 3) Paratype female genitalia, USNM slide 142,278.4 · January 6, 2022 BrownWhile food plants are somewhat poorly known for Polyorthini, no other genus in the tribe has been reported from Fabaceae. Documented hosts for Histura Razowski, Histurodes Razowski, and Lopharcha Diakonoff are all Lauraceae; those for Pseudatteria Walsingham are Monimiaceae; those for Polylopha Lower are Lauraceae and Annonaceae; those for Lypothora Razowski are Piperaceae; and those for Isotrias Meyrick, Olindia Guenée, and Polyortha Dognin encompass multiple families (Brown et al. 2008).Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the recurved apex of the costa of the valva in the male genitalia.AcknowledgmentsI thank Daniel Janzen and Winnie Hallwachs for allowing me access to their specimens from Costa Rica and their barcode data. I thank Paul Hebert, Jeremy deWaard, Allison Brown, and others at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario at the University of Guelph, Canada, for assistance with sequence data. Finally, I thank Todd M. Gilligan, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Jason D. Dombroskie, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, for help-ful comments on this brief manuscript.Literature CitedBrown JW. 2005. World catalogue of insects. Volume 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books; Stenstrup. 741 p.Brown JW, Powell JA. 1991. Systematics of the Chrysoxena group of genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Euliini). University of California Publications in Entomology 111: 1–87 + figs.Brown JW, Robinson G., Powell JA. 2008. Food plant database of the leafrollers of the world (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Ver-sion 1.0). Available at http://www.tortricid.net/foodplants.asp. (Last accessed 1 September 2022.)Craft KJ, Pauls SU, Darrow K, Miller SE, Hebert PDN, Helgen LE, Novotny V, Weiblen GD. 2010. Population genetics of ecological communities with DNA barcodes: An example from New Guinea Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107: 5041–5046.Gilligan TM, Baixeras J, Brown JW. 2018. T@RTS: Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae (Ver. 4.0). Available at http://www.tortricid.net/catalogue.asp. (Last accessed 8 November 2022.)Govaerts R. 2000. World checklist of seed plants. Volume 3, part 1. Continental Publishing, Antwerp, Belgium, 567 pp.Hajibabaei M, Janzen DH, Burns JM, Hallwachs W, Hebert PDN. 2006. DNA barcodes distinguish species of tropical Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103(4): 968–971.Hebert PDN, deWaard JR, Zakharov EV, Prosser SW, Sones JE, McKeown JTA, Mantle B, La Salle J. 2013. A DNA ‘Bar-code Blitz’: Rapid digitization and sequencing of a natural history collection. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68535.Janzen DH, Hallwachs W. 2009. Dynamic database for an inventory of the macrocaterpillar fauna, and its food plants and parasitoids, of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica (nn-SRNP-nnnnn voucher codes). Available at http://janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso (Last accessed 11 February 2022.)Moller H, Pavarini R. 2020. First record of Biclonuncaria deutera Razowski & Becker, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Arachis repens Handro (Fabales: Fabaceae). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico 87: 1‒3.Razowski J. 1999. Phylogeny for three Polyorthini genera of the Biclonuncaria Razowski & Becker, 1993 group, with descrip-tions of new taxa. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 42: 343–348.Razowski J, Becker VO. 1993. The Neotropical Polyorthini Biclonuncaria, new genus (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and its eleven new species. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 37: 505–522.WCVP. 2022. The world checklist of vascular plants: Fabaceae. Available at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/f7053f73-74fb-4c9f-ab63-de28c61140c2 (accessed 15 September 2022).Received November 8, 2022; accepted December 10, 2022.Review editor R. St Laurent.

A new species of \u3ci\u3eBiclonuncaria\u3c/i\u3e Razowski and Becker, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini) from Costa Rica

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A new species of \u3ci\u3eBiclonuncaria\u3c/i\u3e Razowski and Becker, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Polyorthini) from Costa Rica

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