Ultra-WideBand is a high data rate, low power short-range wireless technology, considered as a highspeed alternative to existing wireless technologies

Maltsev, S.

Tsyro, A.

Digital Library of Polotsk State University (Репозиторий Полоцкого государственного университета)

MATERIALS OF V JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE                                                       2014 History, Cultural Studies, Tourism, Sports   134 UDC 621.396.41  APPLICATION OF ULTRA WIDE ВAND TECHNOLOGY  ANASTASIA TSYRO,  SERGEY MALTSEV Polotsk State University,  Belarus  Ultra-WideBand is a high data rate, low power short-range wireless technology, considered as a high-speed alternative to existing wireless technologies.   Ultra Wide Band technology is a wireless technology to transmit large amounts of digital data as modulated coded impulses over a very wide spectrum of frequency with very low power for a short distance. Pulsed transmission is an alternative to sinusoidal waves traditionally used in wireless communications [1]. This new technology supports direct transmission of digital information as a baseband signal rather than modulating the information within a sinusoidal carrier. Typical duration of the pulse lasts from a few tens of picoseconds to a few nanoseconds. As the bandwidth is inversely proportional to pulse duration, the spectral extent of these waveforms is very large (Fig. 1).     Fig. 1. SpectrumUltra Wide Band signal  Due to low energy density UWB signals cause minimal interference if operated on spectrum already occupied by existing radio services. However, the lev l of interference of UWB signals is still under r search [5]. UWB technology has many benefits over the existing wireless technologies [3]: • Very high speed due to high-bandwidth multi-channel performance.    • Extremely easy and cheap transceivers to compare to typical spread spectrum ones due to UWB low power and short burst radio impulse requirements. Both UWB transmitters and receivers consist of integrated CMOS which makes them affordable for consumers. •  UWB systems also consume very little power, around o e tenthousandth of that of cell phones. This makes UWB practical for use in smaller devices, such as cell phones and PDAs. • Ability to share frequencies with other services without causing harmful interference. • High flexibility for the adaptation of a frequency. UWB systems could be positioned anywhere in the RF spectrum. • Low power causes less interference than conventional radio networks. Relatively wide spectrum of UWB waves results in less interference from other systems. • Ability to propagate effectively through materials such as cement and brick. • Excellent frequency diversity and multipath resoluti n. • Exceptional performance in multipath reflective environments, which can be helpful in high precision positioning. • Low probability of intercept and detection (LPI/D) due to low power densities. • Reduced fading even in dense high multipath channels (indoor environment). MATERIALS OF V JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE                                                       2014 History, Cultural Studies, Tourism, Sports   135 • Common architecture for communications, radar and positioning systems.  There are a wide number of applications that UWB technology can be used for. They range from data and voice communications through to radar and tagging. With the growing number of way in which wireless technology can be used, the list is likely to grow [4].Commercial: • High speed LAN / WAN ( >20 Mbps) • Avoidance radar • Altimeter (aviation) • Tags for intelligent transport systems • Geolocation Military: • Radar • Covert communications • Intrusion detection • Precision geo-location • Data links Ultra-wideband characteristics are well-suited to sh rt-distance applications, such as PC peripherals. Due to low emission levels permitted by regulatory agenci s, UWB systems tend to be short-range indoor applications (Fig. 2). Due to the short duration of UWB pulses, it is easier to engineer high data rates; data rate may be exchanged for range by aggregating pulse energy per data bit (with integration or coding techniques). Conventional orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technology may also be used, subject to minimum-bandwidth requirements. High-data-rate UWB may enable wireless monitors, the efficient transfer of data from digital camcorders, wireless printing of digital pictures from a camera without the need for a personal computer and file transfers b tween cell-phone handsets and handheld devices su h as portable media players [3].    Fig. 2. Application UWB technology for objects that have fallen onto subway tracks  Ultra-wideband is also used in "see-through-the-wall" precision radar-imaging technology, precision locating and tracking (using distance measurements between radios), and precision time-of-arrival-based localization approaches. It is efficient, with a spatial capacity of approximately 1013 bit/s/m² (Fig. 3)  UWB radar has been proposed as the active sensor component in an Automatic Target Recognition application, designed to detect humans or objects that have fallen onto subway tracks [5]. With the growing level of wireless communications, ultra wide band UWB offers significant advantages in many areas. MATERIALS OF V JUNIOR RESEARCHERS’ CONFERENCE                                                       2014 History, Cultural Studies, Tourism, Sports   136   Fig. 3. Analysis spatial capacity   One of the main attractions for WAN / LAN applications is the very high data rates that can be supported. With computer technology requiring ever inc easing amounts of data to be transported, it is likely that standards such as 802.11 and others may not be able to support the data speeds required in some applictions. It is in overcoming this problem where UWB may well become a major technology of the future.  REFERENCES  1. Taylor, J.D. Ultra Wideband Technology Overview / J.D. Taylor // Mobil Vox Magazine, Oct. – 2004. – P. 33. 2. Последам IDF: беспроводная технология передачи данных Ultra Wide Band [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.ixbt.com/comm/uwb.shtml. 3. Reed, J. UWB System Example / Jeffrey Reed and R. Michael Buehrer // Introduction to UWB: Impulse Radio for Radar and Wireless Communications, Oct. – 2005. – P. 55. 4. Ultra wide band (UWB) development and applications [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.radio-electronics.com/ info /wireless/ uwb/ uwb_ development.php. 5. James, D. Ultra-wideband Radar Technology / D. James, P.E. Taylor. – CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000. 6. Щербак, Н. Сверхширокополосная радиолокация / Н. Щербак // Электроника: Наука, Технология, Бизнесс. – 2002. – Вып. 3.   UDC 10.15.34«17/18»(476)   TOWN COUNCIL AS A BODY OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT IN V ITEBSK  AND  POLOTSK IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19 TH CENTURY  ALENA POTRASAVA,  SIARHEI  SHIDLOVSKY Polotsk State University, Belarus  The article is devoted to the activities of the town council as the executive body of the municipal government in Vitebsk and Polotsk in the second half of the nineteenth century.The structure of the coun ils is analyzed.The significant attention is drawn to the competence of the permanent commissions of the towncouncils.  On June 16, 1870 Alexander’s II government established the "City Regulations" which a new system of municipal government was based on. The self-governmnt system consisted of the electoral assembly, CityDuma and the administrative board of the city. Management function belonged to the Duma. Public members of the Duma and members of the town council were electd for 4 years. Municipal government was headed by the mayor, who like the members of the council, elected by City Duma. "City Regulations" were based on the all-

Application of ultra wide вand technology

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Application of ultra wide вand technology

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