Browne, Kevin

Dixon, Louise

Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine

English

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  University of BirminghamDifferentiating patterns of violence in the family andthe effects on childrenDixon, Louise; Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine; Browne, KevinDocument VersionEarly version, also known as pre-printCitation for published version (Harvard):Dixon, L, Hamilton-Giachritsis, C & Browne, K 2006, 'Differentiating patterns of violence in the family and theeffects on children', Paper presented at XVIth ISPCAN International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect,1/01/06 pp. 152.Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portalGeneral rightsUnless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or thecopyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposespermitted by law.•	Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication.•	Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of privatestudy or non-commercial research.•	User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?)•	Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document.When citing, please reference the published version.Take down policyWhile the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has beenuploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.If you believe that this is the case for this document, please contact UBIRA@lists.bham.ac.uk providing details and we will remove access tothe work immediately and investigate.Download date: 01. Mar. 20201Differentiating patterns of violence in the familyLouise Dixon, Catherine Hamilton Giachritsis and Kevin BrowneThe Centre for Forensic and Family PsychologyThe University of BirminghamEmail: l.dixon.1@bham.ac.ukBackground The Co-occurrence of partner and child maltreatment Researchers have highlighted co-occurrence rates of 30-60% (Edleson, 1999; Browne & Hamilton, 1999;Appel and Holden, 1998) The majority of studies examine the aetiology, maintenance and intervention of partner and child maltreatment separately, treating them as discrete entities Patterns of family violence Typologies of men who abuse their female partner (Holtzworth-Munroe & Stuart, 1994) Adopting an interactionsist approach to family violence, researchers have suggested that aggression is a product of the person-environment interaction (Frude, 1991)Dixon, L., & Browne, K. (2003). Aggression and Violent Behaviour. F MCReciprocal Family Violence FF MMCCHierarchical Family ViolenceFFM CM CPaternal Family ViolenceCont’d BackgroundAim To examine the feasibility and prevalence of the Paternal, Reciprocal and Hierarchical patterns of family violence proposed by Dixon & Browne (2003) within a sample of maltreating familiesResearch Questions1. Examine the prevalence of patterns of family violence in the present sample 2. Examine the type of child maltreatment perpetrated by mothers and fathers in each pattern3. Examine the extent to which parenting couples (dyads) who both maltreat their child use the same form of child maltreatment2MethodSample Examined psychological reports of 162 parents who had been assessed by a Forensic Psychology consulting service for their suitability to parent their child/ren, following allegations of child maltreatment  Parents from the English Midlands and South Wales Parents assessed by the practice between June 1996 and June 2003 were investigated Parent ages ranged from 17 – 56 years (mean age 30; SD = 8.14)  The age of the index child ranged from 1 month to 15 years (mean age = 4.6, SD = 4.26) 91.4% parents were classified as white UKResults Of the total sample of 162 parents: 104 (64.2%) resided in a family in which physical partner abuse and child maltreatment co-occurred 66 (40.7%) perpetrated both partner and child abuse (43 (65%) fathers and 23 (35%) mothers) Fifty-eight (35.8%) parents resided in a family where only child maltreatment occurred1. Examine the prevalence of patterns of family violence in the present sample (n=104) Paternal (n = 14; 13.5%) Reciprocal (n = 43; 41.3%)  Hierarchical (n = 47; 45.2%)Cont’d Results1. Examine the prevalence of patterns of family violence in the present sampleHIERARCHICALF M M FM F CPaternal Complete (n=33; 70.2%)C CPaternal (n=9; 19.1%) Maternal (n=2; 4.3%) M FCMaternal Complete (n=3; 6.4%)Cont’d Results1. Examine the prevalence of patterns of family violence in the present sampleRECIPROCALM F M F M FC C CComplete (n = 34; 79.1%) Maternal (n = 5; 11.6%) Paternal (n=4; 9.3%)3Cont’d Results2. Examine the type of child maltreatment perpetrated by mothers and fathers ineach patternMOTHERS FATHERSPatternPhysical and/or sexual n    %neglectn     %mother subtotaln   %Physical and/or sexualn    %neglectn    %father sub-totaln      %Paternal(n = 8)8 (100) 0 (0) 8 (100)Hierarchical(n = 43)8 (32) 17 (68) 25 (58.1)16 (88.9) 2 (11.1) 18 (41.9)Reciprocal(n = 40)10 (47.6) 11 (52.4) 21 (52.5)10 (52.6) 9 (47.4) 19 (47.5)Cont’d Results3. Examine the extent to which parenting couples (dyads) who both maltreattheir child use the same form of child maltreatmentPattern of Family ViolencePARENTS ADOPTING SAME FORM OF CHILD MALTREATMENTPARENTS ADOPTING DIFFERENT FORMS OF CHILD MALTREATMENTBoth parents physically and/or sexually abuse or neglect their child n             %One parent physically and/or sexually abuses the child and the other parent neglects the child. n          %Hierarchical Complete(n = 14)8          (57.1) 6       (42.9)Reciprocal Complete(n = 13)*11         (84.6) 2        (15.4)Summary & Conclusions The 3 hypothesised patterns of family violence, proposed by Dixon andBrowne (2003), exist in this sample It is important for professionals to consider how each person in the family isinfluenced and affected by every other member in that unit, rather thanexamining only the adult male aggressor within the family Verifies the need for service provision and professionals to recognise thecoexistence of different forms of violence within the family unitKey References Dixon, L. & Browne, K.D. (2003). Heterogeneity of spouse abuse: a review.Aggression and Violent Behavior: A Review journal, 8, 107-130 Holtzworth-Munroe, A. & Stuart, G.L. (1994). Typologies of male Batterers: ThreeSubtypes and the Differences Among Them. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 476-497

Differentiating patterns of violence in the family and the effects on children

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Differentiating patterns of violence in the family and the effects on children

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