Obesity in children, including adolescents, is nowadays, in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, an even more pressing problem than before it, leading to increased prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities at young age. A simple and correct approach to diagnosis is essential, and some new insights in epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis are currently under investigation. Obesity in preschool children and metabolically healthy obesity are new entities that are recently being defined and written about. Additionally, several new factors that might influence obesity development are being researched, such as pollutants, sleep duration, and gut microbiota. In this chapter, we briefly present them as possible therapeutic targets in the future along with current therapeutic options in the pediatric population, namely lifestyle change, pharmaceutical options, and surgery. A child is always significantly affected by his/her family lifestyle, home, and social environment, which has to be considered in childhood obesity management
