Espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral em pacientes com defeitos cardíacos congênitos Espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral en pacientes con defectos cardíacos congénitos Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum in patients with congenital heart defects

Abstract

FUNDAMENTO: Há poucos estudos avaliando a frequência do espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral (EOAV) nos pacientes com defeitos cardíacos congênitos (DCC). OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência do EOAV em uma amostra de pacientes com malformações cardíacas graves. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes com DCC, admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) cardiopediátrica no Brasil. O diagnóstico de EOAV foi feito com base em dados clínicos, considerando critérios padrões. Os pacientes que preenchiam esses critérios foram submetidos ao cariótipo de alta resolução com bandamento GTG e hibridização fluorescente in situ para a microdeleção 22q11.2. O teste exato de Fisher (P FUNDAMENTO: Hay pocos estudios evaluando la frecuencia del espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral (EOAV) en los pacientes con defectos cardíacos congénitos (DCC). OBJETIVO: Verificar la frecuencia del EOAV en una muestra de pacientes con malformaciones cardíacas graves. MÉTODOS: Evaluamos una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con DCC, admitidos en una unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) cardiopediátrica en el Brasil. El diagnóstico de EOAV fue hecho con base en datos clínicos, considerando criterios estándares. Los pacientes que llenaban esos criterios fueron sometidos al cariotipo con bandeamiento GTG en alta resolución e Hibridización fluorescente in situ para la microdelección 22q11.2. El Test Exacto de Fisher (P BACKGROUND: There have been few studies evaluating the frequency of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) in patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs). OBJECTIVE: To verify the frequency of OAVS in a sample of patients with major heart malformations. METHODS: We evaluated a prospective cohort of patients with CHD admitted in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) in Brazil. The diagnosis of OAVS was made based on the clinical data, considering standard criteria. The patients that met these criteria were submitted to high resolution GTG-Banding karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 microdeletion. Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05) was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: During the period of evaluation, 330 patients were hospitalized for the first time in the ICU, but thirty of them did not participate in the study. Of the 300 patients that constituted the final sample, OAVS was verified in 3 cases (1%). All presented normal cytogenetic studies. CONCLUSION: OAVS seems to be a frequent condition among patients with CHDs. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the frequency of OAVS found in our study might have been underestimated due to the low rate of prenatal detection of CHDs and the limited access of patients to appropriate health care in our region. Future prospective studies with well defined clinical criteria and subjects with mild and major defects will be important to assess the role of OAVS in the general population of subjects with heart malformations