At NARDI Fundulea, sunflower breeding program is focused for developing sunflower hybrids with high seed oil content, with resistance at main pathogens such as Plasmoparahalstedii, Sclerotiniasclerotiorum, Phomopsishelianthi and with resistance at sulfonylurea herbicides (SU) and to imidazolinone (CL Plus) herbicides.
Temperature and precipitation influence seed oil content of sunflower genotypes in booth years 2020 and 2021, in Fundulea location. The amount of precipitation during the sunflower vegetation period from April to September, in both years 2020 (248.6 mm) and 2021 (273.2 mm), was lower than the 60-year average amount (351.8mm). 
Average seed oil content, in year 2020, was included in the values of 48.63% at sunflower experimental hybrid H54CLP in Clearfield Plus system and 51.79% at sunflower experimental hybrid H87SU in Express Sun system and in year 2021, was included in the values of 41.69% at H54CLP and 50.56% at H87SU. Agricultural year (2020, 2021), sunflower hybrid and their interaction, influence significant positive the oil content of seed. 
In year 2020 in Fundulea location, pathogen Plasmoparahalstedii has an attack degree between 3% at H76SU, H50CLP and 17% at H54CLP and in year 2021, between 6% at H76SU, H50CLP and 23% at H54CLP

ANTON, Florin Gabriel

JOIȚA PĂCUREANU, Maria

MĂTURARU, Gheorghe

RÎȘNOVEANU, Luxița

ȘERBAN, Mihaela

English

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

 Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. 52/1/2022     OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES IN YEARS 2020 AND 2021 IN FUNDULEA LOCATION Florin Gabriel ANTON1, Maria JOIȚA PĂCUREANU1, Luxița RÎȘNOVEANU2,3, Mihaela ȘERBAN1, Gheorghe MĂTURARU1   (1) Fundulea National Agricultural Research-Development Institute, Fundulea,  Romania  (2) Braila Agricultural Research and Development Station, Braila, Romania (3)Academy of Economic Sciences, Bucharest, Romania   Corresponding author email:  gabi22mai@yahoo.com  Abstract  At NARDI Fundulea, sunflower breeding program is focused for developing sunflower hybrids with high seed oil content, with resistance at main pathogens such as Plasmopara halstedii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phomopsis helianthi and with resistance at sulfonylurea herbicides (SU) and to imidazolinone (CL Plus) herbicides. Temperature and precipitation influence seed oil content of sunflower genotypes in booth years 2020 and 2021, in Fundulea location. The amount of precipitation during the sunflower vegetation period from April to September, in both years 2020 (248.6 mm) and 2021 (273.2 mm), was lower than the 60-year average amount (351.8mm).  Average seed oil content, in year 2020, was included in the values of 48.63% at sunflower experimental hybrid H54CLP in Clearfield Plus system and 51.79% at sunflower experimental hybrid H87SU in Express Sun system and in year 2021, was included in the values of 41.69% at H54CLP and 50.56% at H87SU. Agricultural year (2020, 2021), sunflower hybrid and their interaction, influence significant positive the oil content of seed.  In year 2020 in Fundulea location, pathogen Plasmopara halstedii has an attack degree between 3% at H76SU, H50CLP and 17% at H54CLP and in year 2021, between 6% at H76SU, H50CLP and 23% at H54CLP. Key words: seed oil content, system Clearfield Plus, system Express Sun, sunflower  hybrids  INTRODUCTION  Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important culture in Romania mainly for oil production and more than one million hectares are cultivated (www.madr.ro). An ideal sunflower genotype must have high seed yield (up to 4t\ha), high oil seed content (up to 50%), must be resistant at new races of pathogen Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew), resistant at new races of parasite Orobanche cumana (broomrape), resistant at birds attack, resistant at Tanymecus dilaticollis attack, resistant to lodging, resistant to drought, resistant at herbicide in system Clearfield Plus/Express Sun. At NARDI Fundulea in sunflower breeding program we are focused in obtaining sunflower hybrids for oil production with resistance at herbicide, resistance to drought and with resistance  at pathogens (Plasmopara halstedii Farl. Berl. & de Toni, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Diaporthe helianthi f.c. Phomopsis helianthi, Leptosphaeria lindquistii f.c. Phoma macdonaldi, Puccinia helianthi, Alternaria helianthi) and parasite (Orobanche cumana Wallr). Sunflower downy mildew produced by the pathogen Plasmopara halstedii has a negative impact on sunflower production causing7Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. 52/1/2022  losses of up to 100% (Elameen et al, 2022). The seed yield of sunflower hybrids is highly influenced by the environment, and the oil content is not greatly affected by it (Ahmed et al, 2020). Pekcan et al ( 2021) affirm that seed yield of sunflower hybrids, affect positively oil content under drought stress conditions and Ernst et al (2016) affirm that oil content in seeds has a negative correlation to seed yield under application of plant growth regulators (PGR). Sunflower resist longer dry periods, is tolerant to high temperatures and land suitability of sunflower decreases with over 90% by year 2070 (Mrazova et al, 2017). MATERIALS AND METHODS  Experimental sunflower hybrids semi late, belonging to NARDI Fundulea, was sowing in two years 2020 and 2021, in non-irrigate field, in Fundulea location, in three repetition in randomized block, 7m long on four rows. We make observation regarding seed oil content, resistance at pathogens and seed yield production (t\ha at 9% humidity). Three semi late experimental sunflower hybrids CLP, H50CLP, H52CLP and H54CLP, in system Clearfield Plus was treated in the development stage of four-six true leaves with 2l\ha herbicide Pulsar Plus (active substance imazamox 25g \l) and three semi late experimental sunflower hybrids SU, H76 SU, H87 SU and H90 SU, in system Express Sun was treated with 50g\ha herbicide Express 50 SG (active substance tribenuron metil: 500 g/kg). In year 2020, experimental sunflower hybrids, was sowing in 7.04.2020 and erbicide treatment was on 11.05.2020 and in year 2021, was sowing in 15.04.2021 and erbicide treatment was on 30.05.2021. Seed oil content was measuring with RI Analysis, Oxford Instruments MQC+.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Precipitations registered in Fundulea, in year 2020 from months March to August was under multi annual average of 60 years (tab. 1 and fig. 1) and because of that was a dry year and  year 2021 was the same, excepting month June with 135mm who was the biggest precipitation from all months of year. In year 2020, in period of vegetation of sunflower, from month April up to September, was registered 248.6 mm and in year 2021, was registered 273.2 mm. The soil water reserve from January to April was in 2020 only 62.4 mm, in 2021 was 183.2 mm and multi annual average of 60 years was 149.6 mm. Average monthly temperature in April, in 2021 was 9.7oC and because of that the emergence of sunflower plants was delayed (tab. 2 and fig.2). Average monthly temperature in May, in 2020 and 2021 was 17oC and 17.2oC and was favorable for the development of the Plasmopara halstedii pathogen.  Table 1. Precipitation (mm) registered in Fundulea location, in years 2020 and 2021   Month Year Multi annual average of 60 years 2020 Precipitations (mm) 2021 Precipitations (mm)  January 2 77 35.1  February 16.6 16.2 32  March 29.8 59 37.4  April 14 31 45.1  May 58 57.6 62.5  June 68.4 135 74.9  July 34.2 21.2 71.1  August 5.4 24.4 49.7 September 68.6 4 48.5  October 28.6 56.4 42.3  November 20 33.8 42 December 77.6 37.6 43.7 8 Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. 52/1/2022    Table 2. Temperature (oC)  in Fundulea location in years 2020 and 2021  Month Year Multi annual average of 60 years Temperature (oC)   2020 Temperature  (oC)   2021 Temperature  (oC)   January 0.9 1.6 -2.4  February 5.2 3.2 -0.4  March 8.3 5.1 4.9 April 12.3 9.7 11.3  May 17 17.2 17 June 21.7 21.1 20.8  July 25.1 25.3 22.7  August 25.5 24.2 22.3  September 20.8 17.3 17.5 October 14.7 10.2 11.3 November 6.1 7.7 5.4 December 3.9 2.6 0    Figure 1. Precipitations (mm) registered in years 2020 and 2021, in Fundulea location   Figure 2. Temperature (oC) registered in years 2020 and 2021, in Fundulea location  Average of hectolitre weight (kg\hl) in year 2020 was between 51.1kg\hl at experimental sunflower hybrid H52CLP in system Clearfield Plus and 63.6kg\hl at check, commercial sunflower hybrid FD15E27 in system Express Sun and has a bigger value then in year 2021, when was between 42.8kg\hl at experimental sunflower hybrid H87SU in system Express Sun and 49.6kg\hl at experimental sunflower hybrid H90SU in system Express Sun (tab.3).  Table 3. Hectolitre weight (kg\hl) of experimental sunflower hybrids in Fundulea location, in years 2020 and 2021 Sunflower genotype Hectolitre weight (Average of three repetition) 2020 2021 H76 SU 52.42 kg\hl 43.8 kg\hl 9 Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. 52/1/2022    H87 SU 52.03 kg\hl 42.8 kg\hl H90 SU 54.63 kg\hl 49.6 kg\hl H50CLP 51.26 kg\hl 46.1 kg\hl H52CLP 51.1 kg\hl 43.3 kg\hl H54CLP 51.34 kg\hl 49.1 kg\hl FD15E27-Check 63.6 kg\hl 45.17 kg\hl  Average of seed yield (kg\ha) in year 2020 was between 1861kg\ha at experimental sunflower hybrid H54CLP in system Clearfield Plus and 2675kg\ha at experimental sunflower hybrid H50CLP in system Clearfield Plus and in year 2021, was between 3103kg\ha at check, commercial sunflower  hybrid FD15E27 in system Express Sun and 3488kg\ha at  experimental sunflower hybrid H87SU in system Express Sun (tab.4).      Table 4. Seed yield of experimental sunflower hybrids in Fundulea location, in years 2020 and 2021 Sunflower genotype Seed yield (Average of three repetition) 2020 2021 H76 SU 2170kg\ha 3115kg\ha H87 SU 2050kg\hl 3488kg\ha H90 SU 2129kg\hl 3418kg\ha H50CLP 2675kg\ha 3360kg\ha H52CLP 2069kg\ha 3228kg\ha H54CLP 1861kg\ha 3118kg\ha FD15E27-Check 2538g\ha 3103kg\ha  In Fundulea, in year 2020 pathogen Plasmopara halstedii, has an attack degree between 3% at experimental sunflower hybrids H76SU in system Express Sun, H50CLP in system Clearfield Plus and 17% at H54CLP in system Clearfield Plus and in year 2021 between 6% at experimental sunflower hybrid H76SU in system Express Sun, H50CLP in system Clearfield Plus and 23% at H54CLP in system Clearfield Plus (fig.3).   Figure 3. Attack degree of pathogen Plasmopara halstedii in Fundulea location in years 2020 and 2021  Average seed oil content of sunflower hybrids, in Fundulea, in year 2020 was between  48.55% at commercial sunflower hybrid (check) FD15E27 in system Express Sun and 51.79% at experimental sunflower hybrid H87SU in system 10 Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. 52/1/2022    Express Sun and in year 2021, between 41.69% at experimental sunflower hybrid H54CLP in system Clearfield Plus and 50.56% at experimental sunflower hybrid H87SU in system Express Sun (tab. 5 and fig. 4).   Table 5. Seed oil content of experimental sunflower hybrids in two years 2020 and 2021, in Fundulea location Sunflower Genotype Seed oil content (%) Year 2020, Fundulea location Year 2021, Fundulea location Repetition I Repetition II Repetition III Average seed oil content Repetition I Repetition II Repetition III Average seed oil content H76 SU 50.59 50.54 50.75 50.62 49.93 49.26 49.42 49.53 H87 SU 51.91 51.54 51.93 51.79 49.03 51.43 51.24 50.56 H90 SU 51.38 51.53 51.26 51.39 47.14 51.56 49.35 49.35 H50CLP 51.59 46.17 49.03 48.93 43.13 42.92 42.43 42.82 H52CLP 51.93 51.38 50.06 51.12 44.06 43.27 45.74 44.35 H54CLP 48.61 46.72 50.58 48.63 40.53 41.25 43.31 41.69 CHECK FD15E27 53.06 45.26 47.35 48.55 41.44 46.25 45.23 44.30   Figure 4. Seed oil content of experimental sunflower hybrid, in Fundulea location in years 2020 and 2021   After ANOVA analysis of variance for seeds oil content with result that years 2020 and 2021, sunflower hybrid and interaction between them, influence significant positive the oil content of seed (tab.6). . Table 6.  ANOVA analysis of variance for seeds oil content Source of variance Degree of freedom Sum of squares Mean square F value Meaning Factor A (year) 1 146.007 146.007 33.6024 *** Factor B (sunflower hybrid) 5 190.117 38.023 22.2639 *** Interaction A x B 5 61.078 12.216 7.1526 ***   0102030405060H76 SU H87 SU H90 SU H50CLP H52CLP H54CLP Check2020202111 Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. 52/1/2022    CONCLUSIONS Seed oil content of experimental sunflower hybrids is significantly positively influenced by temperature and precipitation in the crop year. Experimental sunflower hybrids in system Express Sun, H76 SU, H87 SU, H90 SU are more stable regarding seed oil content in both years of testing than experimental hybrids in system Clearfield Plus, H50CLP, H52CLP, H54CLP.  REFERENCES   Ahmed M.A., Morad Kh.A., Attia M.A., Ghareeb Z.E. (2020). Study the Seed and Oil Yield Stability of Sunflower Hybrids across Environments. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports13(2): 28-42, 2020; Article no. AJARR.59542 ISSN:2582-3248. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343713457_Study_the_Seed_and_Oil_Yield_Stability_of_Sunflower_Hybrids_across_Environments [accessed Sep 27 2022]. Elameen A., Tourvieille de Labrouhe D., Bret-Mestries E., Delmotte F. (2022). Spatial genetic structure and pathogenic race composition at the field scale in the sunflower downy mildew pathogen, Plasmopara halstedii. Journal of Fungi 2022,8,1084.https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101084.Avaible: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364329626_Spatial_genetic_structure_and_pathogenic_race_composition_at_the_field_scale_in_the_sunflower_downy_mildew_pathogen_Plasmopara_halstedii Ernst D., Kovár M., Černý I. (2016). Effect of two different plant growth regulators on production traits of sunflower. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2016, 17 (4)   p.998-1012 https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/17.4.1804 Mrázová J., Faggian R., Johnson M., Sposito V. (2017). Land capability assessment of Glenelg Hopkins Catchment technical report: Broadacre cropping. Available https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320557183_LAND_CAPABILITY_ASSESSMENT_Of_Glenelg_Hopkins_Catchment_Technical_Report_Broadacre_cropping [accessed Oct 3 2022]. Pekcan V., Yilmaz  M.I., Evci G., Cil A.N., Sahin V., Gunduz O., Koc H., Kaya Y. (2021). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 46(2), DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15481. Avaible: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350434224_Oil_content_determination_on_sunflower_seeds_on_drought_conditions https://www.madr.ro/culturi-de-camp/plante-tehnice/floarea-soarelui.html           12

OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES IN YEARS 2020 AND 2021 IN FUNDULEA LOCATION

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OIL CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES IN YEARS 2020 AND 2021 IN FUNDULEA LOCATION

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series