The typification of three names in the genus Galium described from the eastern Iberian Peninsula: G. valentinum, G. valentinum var. idubedae, and G. capillare, is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on the consultation of original material and the literature cited in the respective protologues. The names are lectotypified using specimens from C (John Lange herbarium), JE, and a Cavanilles’ original illustration published in 1793.Se discute la tipificación de tres nombres en el género&nbsp;Galium&nbsp;descritos para el este de la Península Ibérica:&nbsp;G.&nbsp;valentinum,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;valentinum&nbsp;var.&nbsp;idubedae&nbsp;y&nbsp;G.&nbsp;capillare. La designación de los tipos de nomenclaturales se basa en la consulta del material original y la literatura citada en los respectivos protólogos. Los nombres se lectotipifican utilizando especímenes conservados en C (herbario John Lange), JE y una ilustración original de Cavanilles publicada en 1793

Ferrer-Gallego, Pedro Pablo

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Collectanea Botanica (E-Journal)

Collectanea Botanica 40: e007enero-diciembre 2021ISSN-L: 0010-0730https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.007Typification of three names in the genus  Galium (Rubiaceae)PEDRO PABLO FERRER-GALLEGOServicio de Vida Silvestre, Centro para la Investigación y la Experimentación Forestal de la Generalitat Valenciana (CIEF), av. Comarques del País Valencià, 114, ES-46930 Quart de Poblet, Valencia, EspañaORCID iD. P. P. FERRER-GALLEGO: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-9302Email: flora.cief@gva.esEditor: A. SusannaReceived 18 November 2020; accepted 22 April 2021; published on line 15 July 2021Abstract TypificaTion of The Three names in The genus Galium (rubiaceae).— The typification of three names in the genus Galium described from the eastern Iberian Peninsula: G. valentinum, G. valentinum var. idubedae, and G. capillare, is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on the consultation of original material and the literature cited in the respective protologues. The names are lectotypified using specimens from C (John Lange herbarium), JE, and a Cavanilles’ original illustration published in 1793.Key words: Cavanilles; lectotype; nomenclature; taxonomy.Resumen Tipificación de Tres nombres en el género Galium (Rubiaceae).— Se discute la tipificación de tres nombres en el gé-nero Galium descritos para el este de la Península Ibérica: G. valentinum, G. valentinum var. idubedae y G. capillare. La designación de los tipos de nomenclaturales se basa en la consulta del material original y la literatura citada en los respectivos protólogos. Los nombres se lectotipifican utilizando especímenes conservados en C (herbario John Lange), JE y una ilustración original de Cavanilles publicada en 1793.Palabras clave: Cavanilles; lectotipo; nomenclatura; taxonomía.Cómo citar este artículo / CitationFerrer-Gallego, P. P. 2021. Typification of three names in the genus Galium (Rubiaceae). Collectanea Botanica 40: e007. https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.007Copyright© 2021 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.INTRODUCTIONGalium L. is one of the largest genera of the Ru-biaceae (subfamily Rubioideae), with about 650 species and approximately 780 taxa placed in 16 sections, including perennial and annual herbs that are distributed in temperate and tropical regions of the world, but also in alpine and arctic regions (Willis, 1985; Mabberley, 1987; Ehrendorfer et al., 2005; Tao & Ehrendorfer, 2011).Typification should be the starting point of any tax-onomic study especially in a difficult genus such as Galium. Several species of Galium are very difficult to identify correctly because the plants present seasonal changes in the morphology of vegetative parts (Ehren-dorfer et al., 1994, 2014; Soza & Olmstead, 2010).Collectanea Botanica vol. 40 (enero-diciembre 2021), e007, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.0072 PEDRO PABLO FERRER-GALLEGOAs a further contribution in our studies to the no-menclature in the genus Galium and Asperula L. (see e.g. Ferrer-Gallego, 2015, 2020; Ferrer-Galle-go & Laguna, 2018; Ferrer-Gallego et al., 2019), I here discuss the nomenclatural types of three names: G. capillare Cav., G. valentinum Lange, and G. valentinum var. idubedae Pau ex Debeaux. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the sta-bility of the nomenclature by the lectotypification of these three names. The combination G. valenti-num var. idubedae is currently accepted with spe-cies rank as G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau, and the name G. capillare is treated as a synonym of G. setaceum Lam. (see Ehrendorfer et al., 1976; Ortega Olivencia & Devesa, 2007).MATERIALS AND METHODS The names are arranged in alphabetic order, fol-lowed by homotypic synonyms (indicated with the symbol ≡) and/or heterotypic synonyms (with the symbol =). Currently accepted names are set in bold italic typeface. Herbarium acronyms follow Thiers (2020).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONGalium capillareThe protologue of Galium capillare includes a complete description followed by a provenance “Habitat in montes S. Michaëlis iuxta Orcellitan-am urbem, copiosus vero in colle vulgo Montaña Verde prope oppidum Pego”; a comment “Floret Maio, hicque etiam Teucrium botrys, Anagallis tenella, Cistus laevipes, […]”; an excellent illustra-tion of this plant and its explanation (Cavanilles, 1793: 73, tab. 191, fig. 1). The drawing included in the protologue illustrates a complete plant, with leaves, flowers, and fruits, including several details of the flowers and fruits (see Fig. 1). Therefore, this illustration can be considered original material of G. capillare.Garilleti (1993: 206) indicated that he did not find original material in the Cavanilles Herbarium at MA and LINN. In this sense, I have not been able to locate any Cavanilles’ original material of G. capillare in these two herbaria. However, I have found two relevant specimens of this species at MPU. The specimen with barcode MPU024396 bears a complete plant, with leaves and fruits, and a label, partially handwritten by Cavanilles: “Ga-lium capillare Cavanilles / Setaceum Vahl / dedit Cavanilles [perhaps handwritten by Cavanilles]” (image available at https://herbier.umontpellier.fr/zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier=MPU024396). The specimen with barcode MPU024395 bears a stem, with leaves and fruits, and a label: “Galium capil-lare Cav.! Icon. / Dedit Cavanilles” (image avail-able at https://herbier.umontpellier.fr/zoomify/zoomify.php?fichier=MPU024395).Unfortunately, these two specimens at MPU lack relevant information such as provenance and date of collection. Therefore, although they may be original material, it is not possible to accredit this statement, so I do not recommend their choice as a lectotype. In conclusion, the excellent illustration “Galium capillare” published by Cavanilles (1793: tab. 191, fig. 1) is designated as the lectotype of the name Galium capillare. This illustration matches the tra-ditional concept of the name G. capillare, which is currently treated as a heterotypic synonym of G. setaceum Lam. (see Ortega Olivencia & Devesa, 2007).Galium capillare Cav., Icon. 2: 73, tab. 191, fig. 1. 1793Ind. loc.: “Habitat in montes S. Michaëlis iuxta Orcellitanam urbem, copiosus vero in colle vulgo Montaña Verde prope oppidum Pego”Lectotype (designated here): [illustration] “Gali-um capillare” in Cavanilles (1793: tab. 191, fig. 1) (Fig. 1).= G. setaceum Lam. in Lam. & Poir., Encycl. 2: 584. 1788Galium valentinumLange (1882: 95) described Galium valentinum providing a complete description in Latin, followed by a diagnosis, the geographical locality, and a par-ticular gathering “In declivibus montis Mariolae supra Alcoy regn. Valent. 15 Maj 1878 legit cl. Prof. Hegelmaier”. In the personal herbarium of John Lange at C there is an original sheet related to this name that belong to the gathering cited in the protologue. Collectanea Botanica vol. 40 (enero-diciembre 2021), e007, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.0073Typification of three names in the genus Galium (Rubiaceae)Figure 1. Lectotype of Galium capillare Cav.; [illustration] “Galium capillare” in Cavanilles (1793: tab. 191, fig. 1).Collectanea Botanica vol. 40 (enero-diciembre 2021), e007, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.0074 PEDRO PABLO FERRER-GALLEGOThis syntype, with barcode C10023594, bears sev-eral plants, with leaves, flowers, and fruits, and has a label annotated as “Herb. Joh. Lange / Galium valentinum Lge / Hispania. Prov. Alicante / In de-clivibus montis Mariola supra / Alcoy / F. Hegel-maier 1878. 15 Mai / corollae luteae” (Fig. 2).I have not been able to locate any further original material in any consulted herbaria, and possibly the specimen at C is the only specimen of the gather-ing and the only original material that was used by Lange in the description of this name. However, as I cannot exclude that there are more than one spec-imen of this taxon, I consider the specimen as the lectotype of the name Galium valentinum, admit-ting that the specimen might well be the holotype (see McNeill, 2014). This specimen matches the traditional concept and the current use of the name, showing some diagnostic features (e.g. stems slen-der, retrorsely aculeolate; leaves with upper surface and margin antrorsely scabridulous; hyaline apex short; inflorescence many-flowered, ovoid; pedicels divaricate; corolla 1.7–2 mm in diameter, yellowish, fruit ca. 1 mm, shining, papillose; cf. Ehrendorfer et al., 1976; Ortega Olivencia & Devesa, 2007).Galium valentinum Lange in Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturh. Forenh. Kjobenh. 1881: 95. 1882Ind. loc.: “In declivibus montis Mariolae supra Al-coy regn. Valent.”Lectotype (designated here): SPAIN, Alicante, “In declivibus montis Mariolae supra Alcoy”, 15 May 1878, F. Hegelmaier s.n., C (barcode C10023594 [photo!]; Fig. 2).Galium valentinum var. idubedaeIn the protologue of Galium valentinum var. idube-dae (Debeaux, 1897: 153–154) is indicated “Var. β Idubedae C. Pau in Herb. ined. (1895); G. valenti-num E. Rev. Plant Téruel exs. nº 664 (1891 et 1895); Willk. Suppl. fl. hispan. p. p.”, followed by a brief description in French “Cette variété a été rap-portée à tort au type G. valentinum par quelques au-teurs. Elle s’en sépare par son port plus robuste, ses tiges plus élevées (30–40 centim.), ses feuilles 2–3 fois plus allongéees, linéaires, étroites, arquées, mucronulées au sommet, brillantes à la surface, par ses pédoncules fructifères plus longs, pauciflores, à rameaux étalés dressés”. The provenance was also reported: “La Sierra d’Espadan (Idubeda des anciens), dans les prés et les maquis, sur le calcaire (E. Rev., C. Pau); Pico de Peñagolosa, Sierra de Ja-valambre (E. Rev. 1891)”.Debeaux explicitly cited in the protologue sev-eral gatherings, with detailed localities, collection dates, and authors “G. valentinum E. Rev. Plant Téruel exs. nº 664 (1891 et 1895)”, “La Sierra d’Espadan [...] (E. Rev., C. Pau)”, and “Pico de Peñagolosa, Sierra de Javalambre (E. Rev. 1891)”, and also a particular herbarium material “C. Pau in Herb. ined. (1895)”. In this sense, Pau (1898: 85) indicated “Funda-do en estas consideraciones, he comunicado à mis corresponsales las muestras de Espadán, que recogí en los alcornocales, como G. Idubedae (Reverch. exs. 1891, n. 14)” [Based on these considerations, I have communicated to my correspondents the specimens of Espadán, which I collected in the cork oaks, as G. Idubedae (Reverch. exs. 1891, n. 14)].I have found some relevant specimens of this species at several herbaria. In the Pau herbari-um at MA there are two specimens relevant for typification, MA00431617 and MA00117705. The specimen MA00431617 was collected by Pau in Peñagolosa in June 1891. The specimen MA00117705 was collected by Pau in Sierra de Espadán in June 1875 and matchs with the speci-men indicated by Debeaux in the protologue “La Sierra d’Espadan [...] (E. Rev., C. Pau)”. These two specimens are undoubtedly syntypes of G. valentinum var. idubedae.In the herbarium JE there is a specimen, JE00009734, that can be treated as original material of the name. The sheet bears a com-plete plant, with leaves, flowers and fruits, and a printed label from the Reverchon exsiccatum [G. valentinum E. Rev. Plant Téruel exs. nº 664 (1891 et 1895)] cited in the protologue by De-beaux. This printed label is annotated as “Elisée Reverchon – Plantes d’Espagne – 1891 / Prov-ince de Valence / Nº 664 / Galium Valentinum Lge. / Willkomm. / Sierra de Espadan, mâquis herbeux, sur le calcaire triasique. / 1.800 mètres / Juillet” (Fig. 3). In addition, two duplicate spec-imens of this material are preserved at WU (bar-code WU0033772) and G (barcode G00436208 [two sheets]). These sheets bear well-developed plants and also the same printed label that the sheet JE00009734. These three specimens (at JE, WU, and G) are therefore syntypes.Collectanea Botanica vol. 40 (enero-diciembre 2021), e007, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.0075Typification of three names in the genus Galium (Rubiaceae)Figure 2. Lectotype of Galium valentinum Lange; C10023594. Image courtesy of the herbarium C, reproduced with permission.Collectanea Botanica vol. 40 (enero-diciembre 2021), e007, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.0076 PEDRO PABLO FERRER-GALLEGOFigure 3. Lectotype of Galium valentinum var. idubedae Pau ex Debeaux; JE00009734. Image courtesy of the herbarium JE, reproduced with permission.Collectanea Botanica vol. 40 (enero-diciembre 2021), e007, ISSN-L: 0010-0730, https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2021.v40.0077Typification of three names in the genus Galium (Rubiaceae)In conclusion, in all cases the specimens match with the traditional concept and the current use of the name, showing important diagnostic features (e.g. stems with middle internodes shorter than or up to twice as long as the leaves; leaves acicular, 13–20 times as long as wide; margin more or less thickened, flat; midrib somewhat thickened, hyaline apex; inflorescence more or less corymbose; corolla 2–2.5(–3.5) mm in diameter; fruit 1–1.5 mm, weak-ly papillose; cf. Ehrendorfer et al., 1976; Ortega Ol-ivencia & Devesa, 2007). I designate as the lecto-type of the name Galium valentinum var. idubedae the specimen JE barcode JE00009734 because it is a complete specimen that also has two duplicates.Galium valentinum var. idubedae Pau ex Debeaux in Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 15: 153. 1897≡ G. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Pau in Actas Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 85. 1898≡ G. pusillum subsp. idubedae (Pau ex Debeaux) Vigo in Arxius Secc. Ci. Inst. Estud. Catalans 37: 91. 1968Ind. loc.: “La Sierra d’Espadán (Idubeda des an-ciens), dans les prés et les maquis, sur le calcaire (E. Rev., C. Pau); Pico de Péñagolosa, Sierra de Ja-valambre (E. Rev. 1891)”Lectotype (designated here): [SPAIN. Castellón] Sierra de Espadán, 1800 m, July 1891, E. Rever-chon 664, JE (JE00009734 [photo!]) (Fig. 3). Isolectotypes: WU0033772 [photo!], G00436208 [photo!].ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThanks to Olof Ryding (Herbarium C) and Eva García (Her-barium MA) for the images of the herbarium sheets. Thanks also to Ana Mira (Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València, Spain) for her help in the study of several references cited in the work.REFERENCESCavanilles, A. J. 1793. Icones et descriptiones plantarum, quae aut sponte in Hispania crescunt, aut in hortis hospi-tantur, vol. 2. Typographia regia, Madrid.Debeaux, M. O. 1897. Plantes rares ou nouvelles de la province d’Aragon (Espagne). Provenant des récoltes de M. Rever-chon en 1895. Troisième fascicule. Revue de Botanique, Bulletin Mensuel 15: 130–180.Ehrendorfer, F., Krendl, F. & Puff, C. 1976. Galium L. In: Tu-tin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (Eds.), Flo-ra Europaea 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 14–36.Ehrendorfer, F., Manen, J.-F. & Natali, A. 1994. cpDNA inter-gene sequences corroborate restriction site data for recon-structing Rubiaceae phylogeny. 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Tipificación de tres nombres en el género Galium (Rubiaceae)

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Tipificación de tres nombres en el género Galium (Rubiaceae)

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