While many companies worldwide are still striving to adjust to Industry 4.0
principles, the transition to Industry 5.0 is already underway. Under such a
paradigm, Cyber-Physical Human-centered Systems (CPHSs) have emerged to
leverage operator capabilities in order to meet the goals of complex
manufacturing systems towards human-centricity, resilience and sustainability.
This article first describes the essential concepts for the development of
Industry 5.0 CPHSs and then analyzes the latest CPHSs, identifying their main
design requirements and key implementation components. Moreover, the major
challenges for the development of such CPHSs are outlined. Next, to illustrate
the previously described concepts, a real-world Industry 5.0 CPHS is presented.
Such a CPHS enables increased operator safety and operation tracking in
manufacturing processes that rely on collaborative robots and heavy machinery.
Specifically, the proposed use case consists of a workshop where a smarter use
of resources is required, and human proximity detection determines when
machinery should be working or not in order to avoid incidents or accidents
involving such machinery. The proposed CPHS makes use of a hybrid edge
computing architecture with smart mist computing nodes that processes thermal
images and reacts to prevent industrial safety issues. The performed
experiments show that, in the selected real-world scenario, the developed CPHS
algorithms are able to detect human presence with low-power devices (with a
Raspberry Pi 3B) in a fast and accurate way (in less than 10 ms with a 97.04%
accuracy), thus being an effective solution that can be integrated into many
Industry 5.0 applications. Finally, this article provides specific guidelines
that will help future developers and managers to overcome the challenges that
will arise when deploying the next generation of CPHSs for smart and
sustainable manufacturing.Comment: 32 page
