In the 1950s, the Era of the Great Depression, archaeology in the
United States enjoyed an enormous boost, both in the substance of its findings on the
Precolumbian past and in the development of its methods and procedures. Edwin A. Lyon
has laid out the story of all this in a book that is a major contribution to the history
of the archaeological discipline in this country. The context of this story is in the
American South, most specifically the Southeastern United States, or the 'Old South',
that part of the country that was the heart of the Confederacy; and it is important to
remember that the South has had a history significantly separate and distinct from that
of the rest of the nation. This separateness, rooted in its plantation economy and the
associated institution of slavery, was further fostered by the Civil War and its
aftermath of hardships. These hardships lasted until the 1930s and the economic
depression when they began to be ameliorated by the Rooseveltian political and
socioeconomic measures known collectively as the 'New Deal'. The policies
of the New Deal began those transformations which continued through World War II and
beyond. Crucial to these transformations were the building of power dams and rural
electrification, soil erosion control and agricultural modernization, and a host of
public building programs. All of this went forward with Federal Relief employment. Less
tangible but nonetheless important benefits were in the cultural sphere: the arts,
drama, writing. history - and of particular importance to us here. archaeology